Tipper Gore

Tipper Gore
Gore in 2009
Second Lady of the United States
In role
January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001
Vice PresidentAl Gore
Preceded byMarilyn Quayle
Succeeded byLynne Cheney
Personal details
Born
Mary Elizabeth Aitcheson

(1948-08-19) August 19, 1948 (age 76)
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1970; sep. 2010)​
[1]
Children4, including Karenna and Kristin
EducationGarland Junior College
Boston University (BA)
Vanderbilt University (MA)

Mary Elizabeth "Tipper" Gore (née Aitcheson; born August 19, 1948) is an American social issues advocate. She was the second lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001 through her marriage to 45th vice president Al Gore in 1970, from whom she separated in 2010.

In 1985, Gore co-founded the Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), which advocated for labeling of record covers of releases featuring profane language, especially in the heavy metal, punk, and hip hop genres of music.[2] Throughout her decades of public life, she has advocated for placing advisory labels on music (leading critics to call her a censor),[3] and for mental health awareness, women's causes, children's causes, LGBT rights, and reducing homelessness.

Early life and education

Born Mary Elizabeth Aitcheson in Washington, D.C., Tipper Gore is the daughter of John Kenneth "Jack" Aitcheson Jr., a plumbing-supply entrepreneur and owner of J & H Aitcheson Plumbing Supply,[4] and his first wife, Margaret Ann (née Carlson) Odom (who lost her first husband during World War II). She was given the nickname "Tipper" by her mother, from a lullaby her mother had heard. Gore grew up in Arlington, Virginia. Her mother and grandmother raised her after her parents divorced.[5]

Al and Tipper Gore's wedding day, May 19, 1970, at the Washington National Cathedral

She attended St. Agnes (now St. Stephen's & St. Agnes School), a private Episcopal school in Alexandria, Virginia, where she played basketball, softball and field hockey, and played the drums for an all-female band called The Wildcats.[5]

She met Al Gore at his senior prom in 1965. Although she came to the prom with one of his classmates, Gore and Tipper began to date immediately afterwards.[6] When Al Gore began attending Harvard University, she enrolled in Garland Junior College (now part of Simmons College) and later transferred to Boston University receiving her B.A. in psychology in 1970.[7][8] On May 19, 1970, she and Gore were married at the Washington National Cathedral.[9][10]

Gore pursued a master's degree in psychology from Vanderbilt University's George Peabody College, graduating in 1975.[11][12]

Career

Gore worked part-time as a newspaper photographer for Nashville's The Tennessean and continued as a freelance photographer in Washington after her husband was elected to the U.S. Congress in 1976.[5][12][13]

Politics and activism

Gore took an active role in her husband's political pursuits starting with his first campaign for the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee in 1976.[14] Soon after her husband's election, Gore established a group to examine and write about social issues called the Congressional Wives Task Force.[15][16]

In 1984, Gore began volunteering in homeless shelters.[5][17] Homelessness became a major cause for Gore, and she formed a group called Families for the Homeless to raise funds and awareness for the issue.[5][18]

Parents Music Resource Center

Main article: Parents Music Resource Center
Gore with the PMRC in 1985

In 1985, Tipper Gore co-founded the Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC) with Sally Nevius, Pam Howar, and Susan Baker, wife of then–United States secretary of the treasury James Baker, because Gore heard her then 11-year-old daughter Karenna playing "Darling Nikki" by Prince.[19] The group's goal was to increase parental and consumer awareness of music that contained explicit content through voluntary labeling albums with Parental Advisory stickers.[5][20] Their coalition included the National PTA and the American Academy of Pediatrics.[20] The PMRC had no members, merely founders, and all of the founders were wives of prominent politicians.[21]

According to an article by NPR, Gore went "before Congress to urge warning labels for records marketed to children."[22] Gore explained that her purpose wasn't to put a "gag" on music, but to keep it safe for younger listeners by providing parents with information about the content of the songs.[22] A number of individuals including Glenn Danzig of Danzig/Misfits,[23] Dee Snider of Twisted Sister,[24] Jello Biafra of the Dead Kennedys,[25] John Denver, Joey Ramone, and Frank Zappa[22] criticized the group, arguing that it was a form of censorship. Gore's relationship with Snider was particularly antagonistic, with Snider accusing her of having a "dirty mind" for suggesting that his band's song "Under the Blade" contained sadomasochistic references, when the song in fact referred to medical surgery instead.[26] In response to such criticism, NPR further stated that according to Gore, she "wasn't out to censor the objectionable material" and quoted her as stating that she is "a strong believer in the First Amendment" who is calling for greater "consumer information in the marketplace."[22]

The PMRC's efforts were successful and resulted in an agreement where recording labels voluntarily placed warning labels on music with violent or sexually explicit lyrics.[5][27]

1990s to present

From left to right: Bill Clinton, Tipper Gore, Al Gore, Hillary Clinton

In 1990, Gore founded the Tennessee Voices for Children to advance youth services for mental health and substance abuse.[28] Gore also co-chaired the National Mental Health Association's Child Mental Health Interest Group.[29]

Gore campaigned during her husband's 1988 presidential bid[30] and toured with him and Bill and Hillary Clinton during the presidential campaign of 1992.[27][31]

As second lady, Gore served as the mental health policy advisor to the president.[12] Her goals were to diminish the stigma surrounding mental illness and to bring awareness to the need for affordable mental health care.[17][29] In 1999, Gore hosted the first White House Conference on Mental Health.[17] That same year, she launched the National Mental Health Awareness Campaign (NMHAC) to encourage Americans to seek treatment for mental illness.[32] Gore has frequently spoken about her own experience with depression and treatment following the near-fatal injury of her son Albert.[14][27][33]

Along with her work in mental health, Gore was a part of several other initiatives during her time as second lady. She served as special advisor to the Interagency Council on the Homeless and as the national spokesperson for the "Back to Sleep" SIDS awareness campaign.[34] In 1994, Gore visited a refugee camp and an orphanage in Zaire on a personal trip to provide aid in the aftermath of the Rwandan genocide. She stayed in a UNICEF camp and assisted doctors and aid workers.[35][36][37] She made an official visit to Honduras in 1998 following Hurricane Mitch to volunteer, bring medical supplies, and survey the damage.[38][39]

Gore took part in campaigning for the reelection of President Clinton and Vice President Gore in 1996,[40][41] and she was actively involved in her husband's presidential campaign in 2000, making her own campaign stops and media appearances. She also acted as an advisor and was a part of decisions including the hiring of Tony Coelho as chairman of the campaign and moving its headquarters to Nashville.[12][14][27]

In 2002, Gore was urged by her supporters to run for the vacant U.S. Senate seat her husband once held in Tennessee, which was being vacated by Fred Thompson; however, she declined.[42]

Gore has been a long-time advocate for the LGBT community.[27][43] She represented the Clinton administration in the Washington, D.C. AIDS Walk in 1993 as one of the highest-ranking public officials ever to participate.[43] She has continued to participate in such walks and, in 2013 she was an honorary chair of the Nashville AIDS Walk & 5K Run.[44] She was a public opponent of California's Proposition 8 to ban same-sex marriage in 2008.[45] In 2014, she created an exhibition of her photographs at the Wall Space Gallery to support the Pacific Pride Foundation that provides services to the HIV/AIDS and LGBT communities of Santa Barbara, California.[46]

As of 2012, she served as co-chair of the advisory board of the Diana Basehart Foundation which assists homeless and low-income people with animal care.[47]

Creative roles

Tipper Gore drumming with Mickey Hart during a The Dead appearance in April 2009

In high school, Gore was the drummer for an all-female band called the Wildcats.[14][27] She has played drums with members of the Grateful Dead, and during the second night of the Spring 2009 Dead tour, Tipper Gore sat in playing drums during the closing song "Sugar Magnolia".[27][48] In 2000, she appeared on stage at the Equality Rocks concert at Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium to play to a crowd of 45,000 prior to the Millennium March on Washington.[27][49] Later that year, she played with Willie Nelson during his set at Farm Aid.[50] She played with Herbie Hancock at the 25th Thelonious Monk International Jazz Competition in 2012.[51]

Gore with a camera in 2007

A photographer since the 1970s, Gore has published several books of photography,[5] her photos have been included in exhibits,[52] and her prints have been sold by Mitchell Gold Co. stores.[53]

Personal life

Gore has four children: Karenna Gore[54] (born August 6, 1973), Kristin Gore[55] (born June 5, 1977), Sarah LaFon Gore Maiani[55][56] (born January 7, 1979), and Albert Arnold Gore III (born October 19, 1982);[57] and several grandchildren.[58]

Tipper and Al Gore were baptized at Mount Vernon Baptist Church in Arlington, Virginia, in 1980. Tipper Gore served as a deaconess at Mount Vernon.[59]

In June 2010, the Gores announced their marital separation, "a mutual and mutually supportive decision that we have made together following a process of long and careful consideration."[60] In August 2012, The New York Times reported that both Gores were dating other people and have no plans to resume marriage, but that their "bond endures" and their relationship is friendly. "The couple reunites a few times a year, most recently in June, for summer family vacations and Christmases in the Gore family seat of Carthage, Tennessee," the newspaper reported. As of August 2012 she was dating Bill Allen, who is a former editor of National Geographic.[61]

Bibliography

Tipper Gore is the author of a number of books, including:

  • Raising PG Kids in an X-Rated Society, 1987, ISBN 0-687-35282-7
  • Picture This: A Visual Diary, 1996, ISBN 0-553-06720-6
  • Joined at the Heart: The Transformation of the American Family, 2002, ISBN 0-8050-7450-3, (with Al Gore)
  • The Spirit of Family, 2002, ISBN 5-550-15167-7 (with Al Gore)

She has also contributed to the following books:

References

  1. ^ Schelzig, Erik (June 1, 2010). "After 40 years of marriage, Tipper and Al Gore part ways". Christian Science Monitor. Associated Press. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
  2. ^ "The obscenity trial that made H. R. Giger an icon for punk rock and free speech". Qz.com – Quartz. May 20, 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
  3. ^ Purdy, Elizabeth R. "Tipper Gore". www.mtsu.edu. Retrieved March 24, 2019.
  4. ^ "John K. Aitcheson (obituary)". The Washington Post. December 30, 2012. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h "Tipper Gore Bio". CNN. Retrieved April 20, 2014.
  6. ^ Maraniss, David; Nakashima, Ellen (October 10, 1999). "Al Gore, Growing Up in Two Worlds". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 22, 2008.
  7. ^ [http%3A//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_31_15/ai_55553468 Next First Lady Will Recast Role - Tipper Gore and Laura Bush][dead link‍]
  8. ^ "Photo Gallery: Garland Junior College dance". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 20, 2014.
  9. ^ "Gore Chronology". PBS. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
  10. ^ Howd, Aimee (December 31, 1999). "Wedding photograph". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 22, 2008.
  11. ^ "Tipper Gore In and Out of Public Eye". ABC News. January 6, 2006. Retrieved April 20, 2014.
  12. ^ a b c d "Who is Tipper Gore?". CNN. June 16, 1999. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
  13. ^ Kohrs Campbell, Karlyn. "Shadowboxing with Stereotypes: the Press, the Public, and the Candidates Wives" (PDF). John F. Kennedy School of Government. p. 5. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  14. ^ a b c d Davey, Monica (August 17, 2000). "Tipper Gore Vows She Would Chart Own Course As First Lady". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 12, 2015.
  15. ^ Romano, Lois (March 29, 1988). "Tipper Gore, Playing Down the Rock War". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
  16. ^ Povich, Elaine S. (July 10, 1992). "Tipper Gore Gives Ticket Family-value Points". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
  17. ^ a b c O'Connor, Eileen (June 7, 1999). "Longtime mental health advocate Tipper Gore takes centerstage". CNN. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
  18. ^ Peterson, Helen (August 13, 2000). "Gore's Tipper: All-American Cheerleader". New York Daily News. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
  19. ^ Miss Cellania (January 2, 2012). "Tipper vs. Music". Uncle John's Bathroom Reader Plunges into Music. The Bathroom Reader Institute. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
  20. ^ a b Hinckley, David (July 19, 1987). "Pediatricians Group Agrees To Join In Warnings Against Rock Lyrics". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on June 20, 2011. Retrieved March 12, 2015.
  21. ^ Deflem, Mathieu. 2020. “Popular Culture and Social Control: The Moral Panic on Music Labeling.” American Journal of Criminal Justice 45(1):2-24 (First online: July 24, 2019).
  22. ^ a b c d Siegel, Robert (January 11, 2005). "Tipper Gore and Family Values". National Public Radio. Retrieved September 12, 2007.
  23. ^ "Mother by Danzig". Songfacts. Retrieved April 11, 2024.
  24. ^ "Dee Snider's Statement on Censorship to the U.S. Senate". VH1. Viacom International Inc. July 15, 2002. Archived from the original on February 8, 2007. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
  25. ^ Jello Biafra. "Jello Biafra's Statement for Synthesis/Regeneration magazine". Alternative Tentacles. Archived from the original on March 5, 2012. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
  26. ^ "When Dee Snider fought against censorship in the '80s". October 29, 2020. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h Seelye, Katharine Q. (May 19, 2000). "The 2000 Campaign: The Vice President's Wife". The New York Times. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
  28. ^ Shrieve, Krystn (September 2, 1999). "Ventura County Seeks Help; Tipper Gore May Be Enlisted In Health Services Row". Los Angeles Daily News. Archived from the original on December 11, 2017. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
  29. ^ a b Cimons, Marlene (March 11, 1993). "Mental Health May Be Part of Reform, Tipper Gore Says". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
  30. ^ Godown, Jan (November 29, 1992). "A few moments with Tipper Gore". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on July 13, 2015. Retrieved April 22, 2015.
  31. ^ Ifill, Gwen (July 19, 1992). "The Democrats; Clinton-Gore Caravan Refuels With Spirit From Adoring Crowds". The New York Times. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
  32. ^ Morales, Tatiana (May 23, 2002). "Tipper Gore On Mental Health". CBS. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
  33. ^ Morgan, John (May 20, 2003). "Tipper Gore honors mental health achievements". USA Today. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
  34. ^ "Tipper Gore Joins SIDS fight". The Gainesville Sun. Associated Press. March 21, 1997. Retrieved April 22, 2015.
  35. ^ Rieff, David (December 1994). "God and Man in Rwanda". Vanity Fair. Retrieved April 22, 2015.
  36. ^ Warrick, Pamela (August 15, 1994). "Tipper Gore's Mission of Mercy : Rwanda: On a visit to L.A., she recounts tales of life--and death--in refugee camps". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 22, 2015.
  37. ^ "VP Wife Tipper Gore Discusses Her Recent Trip To Refugee Camps In Zaire". NBC News. NBCUniversal. August 16, 1994. Archived from the original on October 17, 2015. Retrieved April 22, 2015.
  38. ^ "Tipper Gore visits Honduras to assess relief needs from Hurricane Mitch". Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Associated Press. November 12, 1998. Archived from the original on July 13, 2015. Retrieved April 22, 2015.
  39. ^ Testa, Karen (November 11, 1998). "Tipper Gore Visits Honduras". Associated Press News. Retrieved April 22, 2015.
  40. ^ "Tipper Gore Coming To Spokane Next Week". The Spokesman-Review. February 6, 1996. Retrieved April 22, 2015.
  41. ^ Shogren, Elizabeth (November 5, 1996). "Gore Striving to Deliver Neck-and-Neck Tennessee". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 22, 2015.
  42. ^ Karl, Jonathan; Bash, Dana (March 17, 2002). "Tipper Gore says no to Senate bid". CNN. Cable News Network. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. Archived from the original on October 1, 2012. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
  43. ^ a b "Ready to Run: 2013 Nashville AIDS Walk takes place October 5". Out and About Nashville. September 23, 2013. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
  44. ^ Page, Jamie (October 6, 2013). "Tipper Gore Draws Crowd". The Tennessean. Archived from the original on April 20, 2015. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
  45. ^ "Tipper Gore, L.A. Gay and Lesbian Center Dinner Focus on No on 8". The Advocate. October 21, 2008. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
  46. ^ Ortiz, Jennifer (October 1, 2014). "Behind the Lens: The Photography of Tipper Gore at Wall Space Gallery". Seasons Magazine. Archived from the original on July 13, 2015. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
  47. ^ Sutton, Justine (December 6, 2012). "Diana Basehart Foundation Makes People and Their Animals Its Pet Project". Noozhawk. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
  48. ^ Ann, Mary. "The Sleuth - The Dead in D.C., a Stirring, Smoky Bipartisan Show". Voices.washingtonpost.com. Archived from the original on May 31, 2012. Retrieved January 25, 2015.
  49. ^ Ocamb, Karen (November 20, 2008). "Tipper Gore Comes Out Against Prop 8". The Huffington Post. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
  50. ^ Margolis, Lynne (September 18, 2000). "Young Shines at Farm Aid 2000". ABC News. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
  51. ^ "Tipper Gore hits the drums at Monk Institute gala". The Washington Post. September 24, 2012. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
  52. ^ "Tipper Gore Says Convention Is No Threat to Homeless". The Los Angeles Times. July 15, 2000. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
  53. ^ Schaub, Charlyne Varkonyi (May 5, 2006). "Accents For The Politically Hip". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on July 13, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  54. ^ Marcano, Tony (March 21, 1997). "CHRONICLE". The New York Times. Retrieved January 6, 2009.
  55. ^ a b Gore, Al (May 22, 2007). The Assault on Reason. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-59420-122-6. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
  56. ^ Westfall, Sandra Sobieraj (April 22, 2014). "Sarah Gore, Daughter of Al Gore, Weds in California". People. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
  57. ^ "Biography: Gore's road from Tennessee to the White House". CNN. June 16, 1999.
  58. ^ McElwaine, Sandra (July 6, 2012). "Bill Allen: Tipper Gore's Secretive New Beau". The Daily Beast. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
  59. ^ Turner, Darrell (July 18, 1992). "How will Baptists vote?". Tampa Bay Times.
  60. ^ Argetsinger, Amy; Roberts, Roxanne (June 2, 2010). "40 more years? Not for Al and Tipper Gore, who've announced their separation". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 17, 2012.
  61. ^ Healy, Patrick (August 25, 2012). "The End of the Line". The New York Times. Retrieved November 17, 2012.
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Honorary titles
Preceded by Second Lady of the United States
1993–2001 		Succeeded by
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded byas Former Vice President Order of precedence of the United States
as Former Second Lady 		Succeeded byas Former Vice President

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Rock music subgenre that takes influences from Indian music Not to be confused with Raga rock. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Indian rock – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Indian rockStylistic originsRockIndian musicjaz...

Belangkas

BelangkasRentang fosil: Ordovisium–sekarang PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Limulus polyphemus Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Arthropoda Subfilum: Chelicerata Ordo: Xiphosura Superfamili: Limuloidea Famili: LimulidaeLeach, 1819 [1] Genera Carcinoscorpius Limulus †Mesolimulus Tachypleus Bagian bawah belangkas betina (mintuna) Belangkas (suku Limulidae) mencakup empat jenis hewan beruas (artropoda) yang menghuni perairan dangkal wilayah paya-paya dan kawasan mangro...

 

List of ports in Spain

Map showing the location of the ports listed on this page The following is a list of the ports in Spain declared to be of general interest and thus, under the exclusive competence of the General Administration of the State.[1] They are operated by 28 different port authorities, which are coordinated in turn by Puertos del Estado, a State-owned company. Port Port Authority Region Cargo tonnage in 2019(MTn) Ref. Bay of Algeciras Bay of Algeciras Andalusia 109.4 [2] Tarifa Bay o...