He was a lecturer at the Universities of Cernăuți, Bucharest, and Iași. In 1946 he was appointed professor at the University of Cluj. On June 4, 1937 Popoviciu was elected a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy of Sciences. In November 1948 he was elected a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy. He became full member of the mathematical sciences section of the Academy on March 20, 1963.
He married his former student, Elena Moldovan Popoviciu, in 1964; she also became a notable functional analyst.[4] He died in 1975 in Cluj-Napoca, and is buried in the city's Hajongard Cemetery.