Thompson Campbell (c. 1811 – December 6, 1868) was an American businessman and lawyer who served one term as a U.S. Representative from Illinois from 1851 to 1853.
Campbell served as the Illinois Secretary of State from 1843 until his resignation in 1846. He was a delegate to the state constitutional convention in 1847.
He was elected as a Democrat to the 32nd Congress in 1850, and was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1852.