In 1961, he inherited the Citizens Lumber Company from his late father, and renamed it Builder Marts of America.[1][2] It became a Forbes 500 company.[2] It was later purchased by Guardian Industries. He started a telecommunications company for long-distance calls, later purchased by MCI Inc.[2] He also served as vice president of American Holdings, a firm with ice cream, refrigerator, and furniture manufacturing interests in the United States, along with land holding and air cargo operations in the Dominican Republic.[1]
He founded the Roe Foundation.[2][3] Its board includes his wife Shirley Roe (chairman), Edwin Feulner (vice chairman; chairman of the Heritage Foundation), Carl Helstrom (chairman of the SPN), Tracie Sharp (president of the SPN, and Thomas Willcox, his son-in-law.[2] Should the foundation stray from free-market principles, both the Mont Pelerin Society and the Philadelphia Society will sue and act as defendants.[2]
The Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation is named for him.[1][6][7]
He also donated to the South Carolina Medical Association, the Greenville Symphony Orchestra, and the Peace Center.[2] His donations to his alma mater, Furman University, led to the construction of The Thomas Anderson Roe Building on its campus, named in his honor.[2][8] He received an honorary Doctor of Laws Degree from Furman University in 1980 and the Order of the Palmetto of the State of South Carolina in 1995.[1]