Adzoe was called to the Ghana Bar in 1973.[2] He worked as a private legal practitioner for twenty-seven years before being appointed a Supreme Court Judge by the President of Ghana on 26 July 2000. He was sworn in by Jerry Rawlings on 28 November 2000. He held this position until his retirement on 31 October 2008.[1] He was one of the judges that sat on the case brought by Tsatsu Tsikata challenging the constitutionality of the Fast Track Courts set up by the Kufuor government which was trying him for causing financial loss to the state.[3]
In April 2006, Theodore Adzoe's wife, Mrs Joana Abla Adzoe filed a case at the Supreme Court against the Chief Justice of Ghana and the Attorney General of Ghana as a citizen of Ghana, asking that the court declare that the Judicial Council of Ghana acted against the provisions of the 1992 Ghanaian Constitution in dismissing her husband on medical grounds.[4]