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The White Horse
The White Horse
Artist	John Constable
Year	1819
Medium	Oil on canvas
Dimensions	131.4 cm × 188.3 cm (51.7 in × 74.1 in)
Location	Frick Collection, New York City

The White Horse is an oil-on-canvas landscape painting by the English artist John Constable. It was completed in 1819 and is now in the Frick Collection in New York City.

The painting marked a vital turning point in the artist's career.^[1] It was the first in a series of six so called ‘Six-Footers’, depicting scenes on the River Stour,^[2] which includes his celebrated work The Hay Wain. The subject of the painting is a tow-horse being ferried across the river in Flatford, just below the Lock, at a point where the towpath switches banks.^[3]

History

The painting is based on sketches that Constable produced in his native Suffolk, but the full composition was finished between 1818-1819 during his time in London.^[4] The painting was completed and exhibited at the Royal Exhibition in 1819, where it was well received. Constable was voted an Associate of the Royal Academy on the strength of it.^[5] The painting was purchased for 100 guineas by Constables friend John Fisher, the Bishop of Salisbury,^[6] who would later commission his painting Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop's Grounds.^[7] This purchase finally provided Constable with financial security and it’s arguable that without it, he may have given up painting altogether.^[8]

The White Horse was one of Constable’s favourite paintings. He commented in a letter to Fisher in 1826:

There are generally in the life of an artist perhaps one, two or three pictures, on which hang more than usual interest – this is mine.^[9]

In 1830, when Fisher was heavily indebted, he bought the painting back, also for 100 guineas.^[10] He would keep it for the rest of his life.^[11] After his death in 1837, the painting passed through the hands of various English collectors, before being brought to the United States by financier J. P. Morgan.^[12]

The full-size oil sketch for The White Horse is held by the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.^[13]

References

^ Sotheby’s: The White Horse essay
^ Johnson 1991, p. 613
^ The Frick Collection
^ Parris, Leslie; Fleming-Williams, Ian (1991). Constable. Tate Gallery. p. 193. ISBN 1854370707.
^ Sotheby’s: Immortalised Landscape of Constable Country
^ Johnson 1991, p. 614
^ The V&A
^ Johnson 1991, p. 614
^ Beckett 1962, p. 212
^ Sotheby’s: The White Horse essay
^ The Frick Collection
^ The Frick Collection
^ National Gallery of Art

Bibliography

Beckett, R.B. (1962), John Constable's Correspondence VI: The Fishers, Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer Ltd, ISBN 9780900716096
Johnson, Paul (1991), The Birth of the Modern: World Society 1815-1830, University of Michigan: HarperCollins, ISBN 9780060165741