The Struggle Everlasting

The Struggle Everlasting
poster front
Directed byJames Kirkwood
Written byBenet Musson
Based onThe Struggle Everlasting
by Edward Milton Royle[1]
Produced byHarry Rapf
High Art Productions
StarringFlorence Reed
CinematographyLawrence E. Williams
Production
companies
Harry Rapf Productions, High Art Productions Inc.
Distributed byArrow Film Corporation; States Rights
Release date
  • April 1918 (1918-04)
Running time
7 reels
CountryUnited States
LanguageSilent (English intertitles)
Florence Reed and director James Kirkwood Sr.

The Struggle Everlasting is a 1918 American silent allegorical drama film directed by James Kirkwood, Sr. and starring stage star Florence Reed. It is based on a 1907 play, The Struggle Everlasting, by Edward Milton Royle.[2]

Cast

Reception

Scene from film.

The film industry created the National Association of the Motion Picture Industry (NAMPI) in 1916 in an effort to preempt censorship by states and municipalities, and it used a list of subjects called the "Thirteen Points" which film plots were to avoid. The Struggle Everlasting, with its white slavery plot line, is an example of a film that clearly violated the Thirteen Points and yet was still distributed.[3] Since the NAMPI was ineffective, it was replaced in 1922.

Like many American films of the time, The Struggle Everlasting was also subject to restrictions and cuts by city and state film censorship boards. For example, the Chicago Board of Censors cut, in Reel 1, the scene of woman apparently nude to include all scenes of bather up to point where she puts a garb over herself, Reel 4, closeup of women in one-piece bathing suits at pool, and, Reel 6, vision showing woman soliciting.[4]

Preservation

With no copies of The Struggle Everlasting listed as being held in any film archives,[5] it is a lost film.

References

  1. ^ The Struggle Everlasting as a play on Broadway at the Hackett Theatre, 1907
  2. ^ The AFI Catalog of Feature Films: The Struggle Everlasting
  3. ^ Campbell, Russell (1997). "Prostitution and Film Censorship in the USA". Screening the Past (2): C/4. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  4. ^ "Official Cut-Outs by the Chicago Board of Censors". Exhibitors Herald. 7 (1). New York City: Exhibitors Herald Company: 47. June 29, 1918.
  5. ^ The Library of Congress American Silent Feature Film Survival Catalog: The Struggle Everlasting
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