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The terms the Lobby and Lobby journalists collectively characterise the political journalists in the United Kingdom Houses of Parliament. The term derives from the special access they receive to the Members' Lobby.^[1] Lobby journalism refers to the news coverage, largely unattributed, generated by reporters from the political proceedings in Parliament.^[2]

History

In the 1870s a list was drawn up of parliamentary reporters who were permitted to mingle with MPs in the Members' Lobby. According to the parliamentary press gallery this had become necessary after the speaker Evelyn Denison, 1st Viscount Ossington had stopped members of the public wandering into the Members’ Lobby.^[3] Only people, including reporters, on the list kept by the Serjeant at Arms would be given access.^[4]

During the 20th century the nature of the Lobby evolved, from a secretive system whose existence was barely acknowledged, to a more or less formal briefing system, though still unattributable. During the government of John Major, cabinet secretary Lord Gus O'Donnell, agreed to allow lobby briefings to be attributed to "Downing Street sources".^[3] Lobby members can be briefed by other government and opposition spokespeople, but the Lobby rules insist that the identity of sources must not be revealed.

The Lobby rules are developed and enforced by its members through a committee, not imposed by government or parliament. Although it is a subsidiary of the press gallery, it has long operated independently.^[3]

An independent review of government communications in 2003, chaired by Bob Phillis, then chief executive of the Guardian Media Group, found that the Lobby system was not working effectively. The report, presented to the Cabinet Office in January 2004, concluded that the credibility of both government and the media are damaged by the impression that they are involved in a "closed, secretive and opaque insider process".^[5]

According to evidence received by the review, editors and journalists disliked public information being used as "the currency in a system of favouritism, selective release and partisan spinning". Ministers and officials in turn complained about the media offering a partial and distorted version of events, "often with little relationship to what was said at lobby briefings and relying on off-the-record sources or, as some have alleged, deliberate misrepresentation".^[5]

The Phillis review recommended that all major government media briefings should be on the record, live on television and radio and with full transcripts available promptly online. This recommendation was not acted on and many other recommendations were also "set aside or watered down".^[6]

On 7 January 2019, television cameras were allowed in the Lobby for the first time ever, first shown on BBC News and then on Sky News a few hours after. However, the briefings themselves continued not to be televised.^{[citation needed]}

In January 2020 the Government moved its twice-daily briefing sessions for journalists from the House of Commons to 9 Downing Street, against the wishes of many Lobby journalists.^[7] In the same month, the Lobby chairman allowed for briefings to be reported live, after Guido Fawkes reporters live-tweeted them.^[8]

On 3 February 2020 the Government refused to allow some members of the Lobby to receive part of a briefing. Government communications director Lee Cain, asked what grounds he had for selectively briefing to some political editors and not others, is reported to have replied "We’re welcome to brief whoever we like, whenever we like".^[9] In response, the majority of the Lobby walked out of the event at Downing Street in protest. Responding to an urgent question in the Commons on the walkout the parliamentary secretary for the Cabinet Office, Chloe Smith, said that briefings to smaller groups of Lobby journalists are "entirely normal, standard and routine, and have been so over successive Governments".^[10] The Lobby walkout was commended by the Society of Editors, which called for a reversal of the Government decision.^[11]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, government ministers, civil servants and other public sector officials took part in daily televised press conferences. Two televised prime ministerial statements, by Boris Johnson, were also made: on 23 March 2020 and 10 May 2020. Following these televised press conferences, it was announced in July 2020 that the afternoon lobby briefing would be replaced with a televised press conference from October 2020.^[12]^[13]

Organisations represented

The membership represents large media organisations such as the BBC or Sky News, as well as smaller and online publications such as LabourList, Left Foot Forward, and Tribune.^[14] Guido Fawkes uniquely has 3 parliamentary lobby passes but their journalists are not individually or collectively members of the Lobby organisation. Major organisations, include:^[15]

Notable individuals

Isabel Hardman and Laura Kuenssberg

Notable journalists include:^[16]

Journalists who are members of the Lobby, along with other members of the press gallery or accredited for parliamentary broadcasting, are required to register other employment advantaged by their parliamentary pass. The interests are published in the Register of Journalists' Interests.^[17]

References

^ "Lobby correspondents". BBC News. 1 October 2008.
^ Robson, Norman (1938). "The Lobby Journalist—A Definition". Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. 15 (2): 159. doi:10.1177/107769903801500202. S2CID 185328160.
^ ^a ^b ^c "The Lobby – The Parliamentary Press Gallery". Retrieved 5 February 2020.
^ "Parliamentary lobby". Institute for Government. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
^ ^a ^b Phillis, Bob (16 November 2008). "Final report of the independent review of government communications". The National Archives. Archived from the original on 7 April 2010. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
^ "Obituary: Sir Bob Philips". The Daily Telegraph. 23 December 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
^ Martinson, Jane (19 January 2020). "The Westminster lobby system is at the heart of a press freedom fight". TheGuardian.com.
^ Mayhew, Freddy (23 January 2020). "Lobby allows live reporting from Government briefing after Guido Fawkes tweets". Press Gazette.
^ Waugh, Paul (3 February 2020). "Journalists Walk Out As Downing Street Tries To Ban Some News Outlets From Briefing". Huffington Post. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
^ "Lobby and Media Briefings: Journalists' Access - Hansard". hansard.parliament.uk. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
^ "Society condemns No 10's actions to bar journalists from selective lobby briefing – Society of Editors". Retrieved 5 February 2020.
^ Swinford, Steven. "Boris Johnson plans White House-style daily television press briefings". Retrieved 12 August 2020.
^ Tobitt, Charlotte (3 July 2020). "Televised press conference to permanently replace afternoon Downing Street press briefing". Press Gazette. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
^ Register of Journalists' Interests (PDF) (Report). UK Parliament. 13 November 2018. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
^ "Organisations represented by Lobby journalists" (PDF).
^ "Lobby journalists" (PDF).
^ "Register of Journalists' Interests". UK Parliament. Retrieved 5 February 2020.

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