The journal was first published in 1878 and edited by Michael Foster. In 1893–1894 Foster's colleague John Newport Langley took over as editor. Langley remained the proprietor and editor until his death in 1925, when The Physiological Society bought the journal from his widow. Charles Scott Sherrington was appointed the first chairman of the editorial board in 1926. In 2003 The Physiological Society moved publishing to Blackwell, now Wiley-Blackwell.
Previous editors-in-chief
The following persons are or have been chairman of the editorial board (named editor-in-chief since 2005):