The Taylor Institution was established in 1845, funded largely by a bequest from the estate of the notable architectSir Robert Taylor (1714–1788). Modern European languages were not then taught at the University. (Not until 1903 were a Medieval and Modern Languages Faculty and Honours School instituted in Oxford.) Since the Bodleian Library lacked space, the Taylorian was initially used to house things as varied as Stubbs's lectures on English history and the Hope collection of butterflies.[3]
Description
The institution and its library are found in the east wing of a neo-classical building at the southern end of St Giles'. It was designed by Charles Cockerell to accommodate the institution and the University Galleries (now the Ashmolean Museum) and opened in 1845. The building was extended to the north along St Giles' to designs by T.H. Hughes in 1931 and 1938.[4]
The library holds many world-class collections.[5] Its holdings in German were started by Max Müller, who brought many publications from Germany, among them many of Martin Luther's Flugschriften, including the first edition of his Sendbrief vom Dolmetschen,[6] and go up to contemporary German literature. Italian works run from Dante and Tasso through one of the largest collections of Giovanni Battista Guarini's seminal Il Pastor fido to Foscolo and Futurist manifestos. The Spanish and Portuguese collections contain early editions of Lope de Vega, Camoens, Cervantes, Góngora, Quevedo, and Calderón. Russian first editions are well represented.[citation needed] The library's greatest strength, however, lies in its French holdings. [7] Its collection of French Enlightenment authors stars the only complete collection in the world of all the French editions of Voltaire's Candide printed in 1759, the year of first publication.[8] The Taylorian also owns one of the only two known copies of the first edition of Benjamin Constant's Adolphe.[9] The collections include a lock of Goethe's hair.[5]
