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Tamba

丹波市
Tamba 丹波市
City
Miwakare Park	Mt Myokenzan Nishiwaki
	Kaibara Jin'ya
Former Hikami-gun Upper Elementary School	Kozen-ji
	Flag Chapter
	Location of Tamba in Hyōgo Prefecture
	Tamba Location in Japan
	Coordinates: 35°11′N 135°2′E / 35.183°N 135.033°E
Country	Japan
Region	Kansai
Prefecture	Hyōgo
Kaibara Town settled	April 1, 1889
Hikami Town settled	July 23, 1955
Both town merged and city settled	November 1, 2004
Government
• Mayor	Tokihiko Hayashi (since December 2020)
Area
• Total	493.21 km2 (190.43 sq mi)
Population (March 31, 2022)
• Total	62,152
• Density	130/km2 (330/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+09:00 (JST)
City hall address	1 Kōga, Narimatsu, Hikami-chō, Tamba-shi, Hyōgo-ken 669-3692
Climate	Cfa
Website	www.city.tamba.hyogo.jp
Symbols
Flower	Erythronium japonicum
Tree	Acer

Tamba (丹波市, Tanba-shi) is a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2022^[update], the city had an estimated population of 62,152 in 26090 households and a population density of 130 persons per km².^[1] The total area of the city is 493.21 square kilometres (190.43 sq mi).^[2]

Geography

Tamba is located in an inland basin at an average elevation of 100 meters above sea level in the eastern part of the prefecture. It is located in the mountains between the Seto Inland Sea and the Sea of Japan. The uppermost stream of the Kako River system and the uppermost stream of the Yura River system, flow through the city, which has the lowest central watershed in Japan except for Hokkaido. The 35 degree east longitude meridian passes through the city.

Neighboring municipalities

Hyōgo Prefecture

Kyoto Prefecture

Fukuchiyama

Climate

Tamba has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with hot summers and cool to cold winters. Precipitation is significantly higher in summer than in winter, though on the whole lower than most parts of Honshū, and there is no significant snowfall. The average annual temperature in Tanba is 14.6 °C (58.3 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,616.7 mm (63.65 in) with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.9 °C (80.4 °F), and lowest in January, at around 3.2 °C (37.8 °F).^[3] The highest temperature ever recorded in Tanba was 39.2 °C (102.6 °F) on 8 August 1994; the coldest temperature ever recorded was −6.4 °C (20.5 °F) on 1 March 1986.^[4]

Climate data for Kaibara, Tanba (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1978−present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	17.2 (63.0)	20.8 (69.4)	24.2 (75.6)	30.2 (86.4)	32.8 (91.0)	35.3 (95.5)	37.9 (100.2)	39.2 (102.6)	37.3 (99.1)	32.0 (89.6)	25.4 (77.7)	21.8 (71.2)	39.2 (102.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	7.9 (46.2)	8.9 (48.0)	12.9 (55.2)	19.0 (66.2)	24.1 (75.4)	27.1 (80.8)	30.8 (87.4)	32.6 (90.7)	27.9 (82.2)	22.1 (71.8)	16.3 (61.3)	10.5 (50.9)	20.0 (68.0)
Daily mean °C (°F)	3.2 (37.8)	3.8 (38.8)	7.2 (45.0)	12.8 (55.0)	18.0 (64.4)	21.8 (71.2)	25.8 (78.4)	26.9 (80.4)	22.7 (72.9)	16.5 (61.7)	10.6 (51.1)	5.4 (41.7)	14.6 (58.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−0.7 (30.7)	−0.5 (31.1)	2.0 (35.6)	6.8 (44.2)	12.5 (54.5)	17.6 (63.7)	22.2 (72.0)	22.8 (73.0)	18.7 (65.7)	12.0 (53.6)	6.0 (42.8)	1.3 (34.3)	10.1 (50.1)
Record low °C (°F)	−7.9 (17.8)	−8.9 (16.0)	−9.9 (14.2)	−2.3 (27.9)	0.3 (32.5)	7.6 (45.7)	13.1 (55.6)	14.8 (58.6)	7.4 (45.3)	1.1 (34.0)	−2.2 (28.0)	−8.7 (16.3)	−9.9 (14.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	63.6 (2.50)	74.0 (2.91)	116.2 (4.57)	127.6 (5.02)	152.8 (6.02)	185.6 (7.31)	220.2 (8.67)	169.2 (6.66)	217.6 (8.57)	141.4 (5.57)	80.4 (3.17)	68.2 (2.69)	1,616.7 (63.65)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	9.9	10.5	11.2	10.4	10.0	12.2	12.8	9.7	11.0	9.1	7.6	9.7	124.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours	105.0	104.2	143.0	173.0	178.3	125.4	133.1	175.4	129.1	139.9	126.6	111.3	1,644.1
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency^[4]^[3]

Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Tamba in 2020 is 61,741 people.^[5] Tamba has been conducting censuses since 1920.

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1920	71,361	—
1925	71,500	+0.2%
1930	72,286	+1.1%
1935	70,494	−2.5%
1940	70,276	−0.3%
1945	87,982	+25.2%
1950	87,599	−0.4%
1955	85,963	−1.9%
1960	81,648	−5.0%
1965	75,877	−7.1%
1970	72,441	−4.5%
1975	72,401	−0.1%
1980	72,982	+0.8%
1985	74,103	+1.5%
1990	73,659	−0.6%
1995	73,988	+0.4%
2000	72,862	−1.5%
2005	70,810	−2.8%
2010	67,780	−4.3%
2015	64,660	−4.6%
2020	61,741	−4.5%
Tanba population statistics^[5]

History

The area of Tamba was part of ancient Tanba Province, and corresponds almost exactly with ancient Hikami District. Numerous burial mounds from the Kofun period are located in the area. During the Sengoku period, the area was dominated by Akai Naomasa, nicknamed the "Red Demon of Tanba" from his stronghold at Kuroi Castle. The area was conquered by Akechi Mitsuhide under Oda Nobunaga, but Kuroi Castle did not fall until three years after Akai's death. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, Kaibara Domain was established for a cadet branch of the Oda clan. Following the Meiji restoration, the area became part of "Toyooka Prefecture" in 1871 before merging with Hyōgo Prefecture in 1876, and being organized into various villages and towns with the establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889. The modern city of Tamba was established on November 1, 2004, from the merger of all six towns of the former Hikami District: Aogaki, Ichijima, Kaibara, Kasuga, Sannan, and Hikami.^{[citation needed]} Tamba is a very small city with Hikami as the biggest of the six original towns.

Government

Tamba has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 20 members. Tamba contributes one member to the Hyogo Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Hyōgo 5th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy

Tamba has mostly a rural economy based on agriculture and forestry. The area is especially noted for its production of black soybeans.

Education

Tamba has 22 public elementary schools and seven public middle schools operated by the city government and three public high schools operated by the Hyōgo Prefectural Department of Education. The prefecture also operates one special education school for the handicapped.

Transportation

Railway

JR West – Fukuchiyama Line

Shimotaki - Tanikawa - Kaibara - Iso - Kuroi - Ichijima - Tamba-Takeda

JR West – Kakogawa Line

Kugemura - Tanikawa

Highways

Sister cities

Auburn, Washington, United States, friendship city since August 11, 1968
Kent, Washington, United States, friendship city since November 24, 1969

Local attractions

Kaibara Domain Jin'ya site, National Historic Site
Kaibara Hachiman Jinja
Kuroi Castle ruins, National Historic Site and one of the Continued Top 100 Japanese Castles.^[6]