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How is "Arduino" pronounced?
Sept 20 2007: I added links for the Barebones and Runtime versions. I hope that doing so is not link spam; these boards are significant offshoots of the Arudino project. They are derivatives of the Arduino's open-source design and represent a part of the project worth mentioning with a link. It's all so confusing huh? --DJ
when was the Arduino first published? or developed?
It's not that critical... but the lines related to the name are really confusing: the meaning of the germanic origin is not important, while it is the relation to the historical character and hence the town: one of the first incubator of computer science in the world. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Gbarberi (talk • contribs) 19:59, 10 May 2011 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-05-10T19:59:00.000Z","author":"Gbarberi","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Gbarberi-2011-05-10T19:59:00.000Z-Name","replies":[]}}-->
The article needs prices. And we need another article, to hold good comparison tables of all the current easily-user-programmable stand-alone device/development-platforms. -69.87.200.77 15:14, 2 August 2007 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-08-02T15:14:00.000Z","author":"69.87.200.77","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-69.87.200.77-2007-08-02T15:14:00.000Z-Prices","replies":[]}}-->
As one of the creators of Arduino, I think I'm supposed to suggest changes to the article rather than making them myself, so here goes. Firstly, there is no "Arduino foundation" and no currently registered trademarks (although we have begun to put "TM" on the boards and consider it a trademark of the group). It might be simpler and more correct to simply say "The Arduino hardware is manufactured by Smart Projects, an Italian company."
We do release schematics to all of the hardware (including those for which the production files are not available). Not all manufacturers do this, and we think it's an important part of letting people what the hardware is made of and how it works. Can the fact that these schematics are available be mentioned in the "open source" section?
The C Stamp and ZX microcontroller links in the "See also" section seem commercially-motivated to me. They link to the manufacturer's website, not a Wikipedia and don't really seem appropriate in a "see also" section. Perhaps these can be replaced with links to appropriate articles or removed altogether if such articles don't exist?
DMellis 03:18, 24 August 2007 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-08-24T03:18:00.000Z","author":"DMellis","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-DMellis-2007-08-24T03:18:00.000Z-Suggestions","replies":[]}}-->
I'd like to suggest that some sample applications/projects be referenced to give people an idea of what can be accomplished.
Also, DMellis, please make any additions you feel would be useful!
TomTrottier (talk) 20:56, 14 May 2012 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2012-05-14T20:56:00.000Z","author":"TomTrottier","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-TomTrottier-2012-05-14T20:56:00.000Z-Suggestions","replies":[]}}-->
We (the Arduino team) recently released the Eagle CAD files for the Arduino Diecimila and BT boards, meaning that the full hardware design information is available for nearly all the Arduino hardware. See: http://www.arduino.cc/blog/?p=17 Can someone update the first paragraph to reflect this (i.e. remove the qualifying "for older versions")? DMellis 04:10, 14 November 2007 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-11-14T04:10:00.000Z","author":"DMellis","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-DMellis-2007-11-14T04:10:00.000Z-Request_for_an_Update","replies":[]}}-->
Done Random (talk) 15:56, 5 January 2008 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2008-01-05T15:56:00.000Z","author":"Randomskk","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Randomskk-2008-01-05T15:56:00.000Z-Request_for_an_Update","replies":[],"displayName":"Random"}}-->
The Diecimila shown is missing one of the capacitors next to the other one, perhaps another image would be better? SomeoneElse699211 (talk) 13:42, 17 November 2007 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2007-11-17T13:42:00.000Z","author":"SomeoneElse699211","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-SomeoneElse699211-2007-11-17T13:42:00.000Z-Diecimila_image","replies":[]}}-->
Taken and uploaded. Random (talk) 16:22, 5 January 2008 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2008-01-05T16:22:00.000Z","author":"Randomskk","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Randomskk-2008-01-05T16:22:00.000Z-Diecimila_image","replies":[],"displayName":"Random"}}-->
Article at Wired. Should probably be integrated. Tedder (talk) 06:03, 22 October 2008 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2008-10-22T06:03:00.000Z","author":"Tedder","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Tedder-2008-10-22T06:03:00.000Z-new_article_on_the_Arduino_model","replies":[]}}-->
Unless a variant uses a ATMega AVR and runs the Arduino bootloader, I do not consider it to be a variant. That includes projects/products based around ARM cores. Even if they are "hardware compatible", being able to directly use shields, they are not arduino. Yngvarr (t) (c) 11:58, 3 March 2009 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-03-03T11:58:00.000Z","author":"Yngvarr","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Yngvarr-2009-03-03T11:58:00.000Z-Arduino_variants","replies":["c-Andy_Dingley-2009-03-03T12:33:00.000Z-Yngvarr-2009-03-03T11:58:00.000Z","c-Imroy-2009-03-03T14:44:00.000Z-Yngvarr-2009-03-03T11:58:00.000Z","c-98.155.23.24-2010-08-18T23:55:00.000Z-Yngvarr-2009-03-03T11:58:00.000Z"]}}-->
'Sheild' is mentioned, but there is no description of what a shield is —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.194.61.130 (talk) 19:56, 20 March 2009 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-03-20T19:56:00.000Z","author":"87.194.61.130","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-87.194.61.130-2009-03-20T19:56:00.000Z-Shield","replies":["c-Yngvarr-2009-03-20T20:14:00.000Z-87.194.61.130-2009-03-20T19:56:00.000Z","c-Vancircuit-2009-03-28T15:32:00.000Z-87.194.61.130-2009-03-20T19:56:00.000Z"]}}-->
Can someone please explain the whole Wiring / Processing thing? (I don't have adequate knowledge myself).
Clearly the Arduino "uses" Wiring, and although Processing is commonly involved in Arduino-based projects it isn't the native(sic) language. User:Mulad has just made an edit to this effect. However what's a "language", what's a "library" and what's an "environment"? AIUI, Wiring is a language (not just a library, as the article now states), and it's the source code language used for "typical" Arduino work, hosted on some form of desktop. This is then compiled into AVR machine code, possibly via some intermediate form (C++? AVR assembler?) and uploaded to the Arduino board itself.
Processing OTOH lives in the "Java world", usually on a "desktop" machine, and is compiled to Java (to Java source? direct to bytecode?) which then executes in a JVM and calls Java libraries (most obviously, AWT). There's no route from Processing source to Arduino or AVR, AFAIK. However it's also popular for two processors, one or more Arduino & a Java host such as a desktop, to co-operate as part of an overall system, linked by USB or serial.
The Processing IDE is used as the default by both Processing and Arduino-targeted desktops writing Wiring source code. I don't know if this editor / compiler is written in Processing (or whatever). I'd love to find out that I can easily swap this IDE for integration with a nicer editor, such as Eclipse (Please! Just for the right-hand clipboard shortcuts!).
As Processing books are expensive and I know of at least one person who wasted £40 on one thinking it was an Arduino coder's handbook, it would be helpful to have a clear explanation of this somewhere! Andy Dingley (talk) 13:32, 30 April 2009 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-04-30T13:32:00.000Z","author":"Andy Dingley","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Andy_Dingley-2009-04-30T13:32:00.000Z-Wiring_\/_Processing","replies":[]}}-->
Hello I'm massimo banzi, co-founder of Arduino. can some of you guys edit the phrase "The project began in Italy in 2005 to make a device for controlling student-built robots less expensively than other prototyping systems available at the time." Arduino was built for Interaction Design students, robotics was never involved in the process. thanks Massimo Banzi
yes that would work much better :) mbanzi —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.0.61.33 (talk) 07:32, 31 May 2009 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-05-31T07:32:00.000Z","author":"85.0.61.33","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-85.0.61.33-2009-05-31T07:32:00.000Z-Request_for_update","replies":[]}}-->
That thing is just an Atmel AVR development board - and a very simple one. Why call it "a physical computing platform with embedded I/O support"? This sounds like buzzwords/advertisements and is not encyclopedic. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.64.245.155 (talk) 22:26, 29 July 2009 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-07-29T22:26:00.000Z","author":"91.64.245.155","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-91.64.245.155-2009-07-29T22:26:00.000Z-Buzz","replies":[]}}-->
Also, the "Arduino Programming Language" is C, so call it C. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.179.67.95 (talk) 11:25, 2 August 2009 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-08-02T11:25:00.000Z","author":"85.179.67.95","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-85.179.67.95-2009-08-02T11:25:00.000Z-Buzz","replies":["c-Imroy-2009-08-04T19:25:00.000Z-85.179.67.95-2009-08-02T11:25:00.000Z"]}}-->
Does this article need trimming per WP:LINKFARM? The most recent change to the article added only a link to a shield vendor, and that made me wonder if the article has too many links for the content it has.
Because the editor who added the link has made only that one edit to WP (at least at the time I'm writing this) the edit looks a little spammy to me. But that's just me, and this is not my article, so I will leave the link there as the community discusses.
Would these links be more at home in an Arduino wikibook? Pfagerburg (talk) 05:57, 3 December 2009 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2009-12-03T05:57:00.000Z","author":"Pfagerburg","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Pfagerburg-2009-12-03T05:57:00.000Z-Link_farm","replies":["c-Tedder-2009-12-03T06:02:00.000Z-Pfagerburg-2009-12-03T05:57:00.000Z"]}}-->
This article is too technical for a non-expert to understand what arduino is. I propose {technical} tag. Moumouza (talk) 20:08, 12 January 2010 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2010-01-12T20:08:00.000Z","author":"Moumouza","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Moumouza-2010-01-12T20:08:00.000Z-Too_Technical","replies":[]}}-->
I don't find this article too technical, but rather neutral - as expected from encyclopedic content. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.68.19.38 (talk) 11:15, 9 March 2010 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2010-03-09T11:15:00.000Z","author":"85.68.19.38","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-85.68.19.38-2010-03-09T11:15:00.000Z-Too_Technical","replies":[]}}-->
I clarified the lead so that a non-technical person would at least know what an Arduino is. I removed the {{technical}} template, because the technical content is appropriate for a person that has the technical background to use an Arduino. Obankston (talk) 17:19, 25 April 2010 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2010-04-25T17:19:00.000Z","author":"Obankston","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Obankston-2010-04-25T17:19:00.000Z-Too_Technical","replies":[]}}-->
This article barely mentions any examples of what Arduinos are used for, focusing way too much on the specs and software. Nave.notnilc (talk) 01:25, 2 March 2010 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2010-03-02T01:25:00.000Z","author":"Nave.notnilc","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Nave.notnilc-2010-03-02T01:25:00.000Z-Usage?","replies":["c-Mazarin07-2012-06-29T22:20:00.000Z-Nave.notnilc-2010-03-02T01:25:00.000Z"]}}-->
Okay, there are simply way too many clones listed on the page. I am tempted to simply go through and remove around half of them. Comments? Nave.notnilc (talk) 02:25, 5 May 2010 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2010-05-05T02:25:00.000Z","author":"Nave.notnilc","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Nave.notnilc-2010-05-05T02:25:00.000Z-Attack_of_the_Clones","replies":["c-Magetoo-2010-05-24T22:04:00.000Z-Nave.notnilc-2010-05-05T02:25:00.000Z"]}}-->
[Outdent] The notability requirement for items on lists is considerably relaxed compared to other types of articles. The list itself has to be notable, of course, but once that has been established completeness has a higher priority than notability. A good example is List of 7400 series integrated circuits. Some of the parts are not particularly notable. Also, it helps to consider the use most lists get. I use the 7400 list a lot; it's the best place to answer questions like "what is a 74HC45" or "what is the number for a BCD to Decimal chip?" Guy Macon 15:43, 1 July 2010 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2010-07-01T15:43:00.000Z","author":"Guymacon","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Guymacon-2010-07-01T15:43:00.000Z-Attack_of_the_Clones","replies":["c-Guymacon-2010-12-06T20:06:00.000Z-Guymacon-2010-07-01T15:43:00.000Z"],"displayName":"Guy Macon"}}-->
Hello, I'm one the co-founders of Arduino. Can I propose two changes? 1. The bar is not located in Via Arduino but it's simply a bar called Arduino (minor edit) 2. I would propose we change the term "Clone" and replace it with "Derivative" (or something that works better in english)."Clone" sounds a bit derogatory while in the spirit of open source these boards are derivatives of our original design that we welcome. I consider clones only identical copies of the board using the Arduino name without authorisation (i.e. not contributing anything to the community) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Massimo banzi (talk • contribs) 10:36, 1 October 2010 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2010-10-01T10:36:00.000Z","author":"Massimo banzi","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Massimo_banzi-2010-10-01T10:36:00.000Z-Attack_of_the_Clones","replies":["c-JonOxer-2010-12-06T06:36:00.000Z-Massimo_banzi-2010-10-01T10:36:00.000Z"]}}-->
[Outdent]
As I wrote in the comment you replied to, I object to the term "derivative" because it implies that other *duino designs incorporate work by the Arduino team but the Arduino design does not incorporate work by other *duino designers. Do you have a response to this objection?
As for whether the term is commonly used within the Arduino community, I did some Google searches of various terms, first seaching the entire web and then searching only arduino.cc. Please note that this method gives very rough and imprecise answers; for example most occurrences of "arduino clone" refer to hardware, but many occurrences of "arduino implementation" refer to software. That being said, my results were:
"arduino compatible": About 109,000 results
"arduino clone": About 7,890 results
"arduino implementation": About 540 results
"arduino derivative": About 271 results
"arduino copy": About 93 results
"arduino compatible" site:arduino.cc: About 3,170 results
"arduino clone" site:arduino.cc: About 506 results
"arduino implementation" site:arduino.cc: 26 results
"arduino derivative" site:arduino.cc: 8 results
"arduino copy" site:arduino.cc: 11 results
It seems clear that "Arduino Compatible" is the term most commonly used within the Arduino community. I have no objection to it. One might argue that this nounifies / nominalizes the verb "compatible", but the PC community has been using the term that way for many years. Guy Macon 20:06, 6 December 2010 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2010-12-06T20:06:00.000Z","author":"Guymacon","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Guymacon-2010-12-06T20:06:00.000Z-Attack_of_the_Clones","replies":["c-JonOxer-2010-12-07T23:29:00.000Z-Guymacon-2010-12-06T20:06:00.000Z","c-Guymacon-2010-10-23T06:54:00.000Z-Guymacon-2010-12-06T20:06:00.000Z"],"displayName":"Guy Macon"}}-->
Wikipedia has a policy on external links WP:EL. It states that they should be in their own section and that they should be to encyclopedic information that would be included in this article if it were at FA status, but that can not be because it is copyright. In other words, a massive link fest is simply not allowable. 018 (talk) 18:42, 1 November 2010 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2010-11-01T18:42:00.000Z","author":"O18","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-O18-2010-11-01T18:42:00.000Z-Attack_of_the_Clones","replies":[],"displayName":"018"}}-->
I agree. I don't think the clone/shield section should be a list of links (actually, it shouldn't be a section in this article, but rather a separate standalone list article). It should be a an annotated standalone list of clones and/or shields, with a short description of what each is and a link to the manufacturer whenever the manufacturer is not notable enough for a Wikipedia page. This conforms to the guidelines at MOS:LIST and WP:STANDALONE (see the examples under "Annotated lists") Guy Macon 20:49, 1 November 2010 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2010-11-01T20:49:00.000Z","author":"Guymacon","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Guymacon-2010-11-01T20:49:00.000Z-Attack_of_the_Clones","replies":[],"displayName":"Guy Macon"}}-->
I would like to propose that we attempt to keep the images up to date with currently shipping hardware (Uno, as of this writing). They only change every year or two, and I believe that the images on the offcial Arduino website are free to use. Also, an image showing all the versions from the past all in a row would be nice. Perhaps someone on the Arduino team reading this could provide that image? Guy Macon 09:22, 25 October 2010 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2010-10-25T09:22:00.000Z","author":"Guymacon","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Guymacon-2010-10-25T09:22:00.000Z-Version_shown_in_images","replies":[],"displayName":"Guy Macon"}}-->
This being an Italian product, should the dimensions be metric? Perhaps with inches in parenthesis? Guy Macon 12:00, 21 November 2010 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2010-11-21T12:00:00.000Z","author":"Guymacon","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Guymacon-2010-11-21T12:00:00.000Z-Dimensions","replies":[],"displayName":"Guy Macon"}}-->
I just reverted an added entry to mbed in the "see also" section that had links to http://mbed.org/blog/entry/mbed-and-Arduino-shields/ (mbed described as alternative to Arduino) and http://www.circellar.com/archives/viewable/Cantrell-227.pdf
I reverted the addition because of the problems listed below, but I think that mbed would be worth adding to the See Also section if done correctly.
My problem is with the link to the mbed-to-arduino-shield board, which is a link is to something someone saw on twitter that does not appear to be comercially available except as a kit sold only in Japan ( http://www.sugakoubou.com/store/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=23&language=en ).
That being said, if someone were to create a mbed Wikipedia page (start at ttp://mbed.org/ ) and link to it from the see also section of the Arduino page, IMO that would be a good thing. Guy Macon 02:09, 22 November 2010 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2010-11-22T02:09:00.000Z","author":"Guymacon","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Guymacon-2010-11-22T02:09:00.000Z-mbed?","replies":[],"displayName":"Guy Macon"}}-->
Section Accessory hardware contains direct links. Shouldn't those be in references instead? --Mortense (talk) 17:52, 7 December 2010 (UTC)__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__-->__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2010-12-07T17:52:00.000Z","author":"Mortense","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Mortense-2010-12-07T17:52:00.000Z-Direct_links","replies":[]}}-->
Laos Artikel ini adalah bagian dari seri Politik dan KetatanegaraanRepublik Demokratik Rakyat Laos Ideologi Kepemimpinan bersama Marxisme–Leninisme Konstitusi Partai Revolusioner Rakyat Kongres (ke-10) Komite Pusat Sekretaris Jenderal: B. Vorachith Politbiro (ke-10) Komite Eksekutif Sekretaris Eksekutif: P. Viphavanh Komisi Inspeksi Ketua: B. Chitmany Legislatif Majelis Nasional Komite Tetap Ketua: Pany Yathotou Eksekutif Presiden Bounnhang Vorachith Wakil Presiden Phankham Viphavanh Perdana M…
American baseball player (1907-1994) Baseball player Gene DesautelsCatcherBorn: (1907-06-13)June 13, 1907Worcester, Massachusetts, U.S.Died: November 5, 1994(1994-11-05) (aged 87)Flint, Michigan, U.S.Batted: RightThrew: RightMLB debutJune 22, 1930, for the Detroit TigersLast MLB appearanceSeptember 22, 1946, for the Philadelphia AthleticsMLB statisticsBatting average.233Home runs3Runs batted in187 Teams Detroit Tigers (1930–1933) Boston Red Sox (1937–1940) …
يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) حارة بير القضايا - حارة - تقسيم إداري البلد اليمن المحافظة محافظة صنعاء المديرية مديرية الس
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Pour les articles homonymes, voir Robert Foster. Robert FosterBiographieNaissance 3 septembre 1898Borough londonien de Richmond upon ThamesDécès 23 octobre 1973 (à 75 ans)SuffolkNationalité britanniqueAllégeance Royaume-UniFormation Winchester CollegeRAF Staff College, AndoverAcadémie royale militaire de SandhurstCollège royal militaire de SandhurstÉcole des études orientales et africainesActivités Officier, aviateurAutres informationsA travaillé pour RAF Iraq CommandArmes Britis…
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Картина «Індіанська вдова[en]» («Удова індіанського вождя, що стежить за зброєю свого померлого чоловіка»), Джозеф Райт, бл. 1783 Міжособові стосунки Огляд[en] Типи Казуальні Залежні Співзалежні Контр-залежні Споріднені Сімейні Дружба Броманс Вуманс Романтичні Інтимні Гетеро
У Вікіпедії є статті про інші значення цього терміна: Діаграма станів. Діагра́ма ста́нів (рос. диаграмма состояний, англ. state diagram) — діаграма, на якій молекулярні електронні стани (представлені розташованими одна над одною горизонтальними лініями, для того щоб показати
Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Athos (disambiguasi). Model 3D Gunung Athos Gunung Athos (/ˈæθɒs/; bahasa Yunani: Όρος Άθως, Óros Áthos; [ˈoros ˈaθos]) adalah gunung dan semenanjung di Yunani. Gunung Athos merupakan sebuah Situs Warisan Dunia dan pemerintahan otonom di Republik Yunani. Gunung ini menjadi tempat bagi 20 biara Ortodoks Timur stavropegial di bawah yurisdiksi langsung patriark Konstantinopel. Saat ini orang Yunani biasanya menyebut gunung ini sebagai Gunung Suci (bah…
Artikel ini membutuhkan rujukan tambahan agar kualitasnya dapat dipastikan. Mohon bantu kami mengembangkan artikel ini dengan cara menambahkan rujukan ke sumber tepercaya. Pernyataan tak bersumber bisa saja dipertentangkan dan dihapus.Cari sumber: Shinto Silitonga – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR (Agustus 2023) Ini adalah nama Batak Toba, marganya adalah Silitonga. Shinto SilitongaAtase Polri KBRI Berlin Informasi pribadiLahir3 April 19…
Yuval DiskinAliansiIsrael PelayananShabakAktif1978–2011PangkatDirektur-JenderalKelahiran11 Juni 1956 (umur 67)Givatayim, IsraelKebangsaanIsraelPekerjaanPerwira intelijensi Yuval Diskin (Ibrani: יובל דיסקין; lahir 11 Juni 1956[1]) adalah Direktur Layanan Keamanan Dalam Negeri Israel ke-12 Shabak (biasanya disebut sebagai Shin Bet) dari 2005 sampai 2011. Ia diangkat oleh Perdana Menteri Ariel Sharon, dan kemudian menjabat di bawah Perdana Menteri berikutnya Ehud Olmert…
Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang sistem penulisan. Untuk nenek moyang dari beberapa suku Māori, lihat Rongorongo (mitologi). Untuk kependudukan, lihat Pulau Beru. Artikel ini bukan mengenai Ngorongoro. RongorongoJenis aksara Belum diuraikan BahasaDiperkirakan merupakan bagian dari Rapa NuiPeriodeWaktu pembuatan tidak diketahui; penggunaanya sudah hilang dan kebanyakan tablet hilang ataupun hancur pada tahun 1860-anArah penulisanCampuran (Boustrofedon terbalik)ISO 15924ISO 15924Roro, 620 …
دوري السوبر الصيني 2015 تفاصيل الموسم دوري السوبر الصيني النسخة 56 البلد الصين التاريخ بداية:7 مارس 2015 نهاية:31 أكتوبر 2015 المنظم الاتحاد الآسيوي لكرة القدم البطل غوانغجو إفرغراند تاوباو مباريات ملعوبة 240 عدد المشاركين 16 أهداف مسجلة 672 الدوري ال
布伦茨河畔京根Giengen an der Brenz市镇 徽章布伦茨河畔京根在德国的位置坐标:48°37′18″N 10°14′42″E / 48.6217°N 10.245°E / 48.6217; 10.245国家德国州巴登-符腾堡州面积 • 总计44.07 平方公里(17.02 平方英里)人口(2011) • 總計19,436人 • 密度441人/平方公里(1,142人/平方英里)时区CET(UTC+1) • 夏时制CEST(UTC+2)邮编89537 布…
Rugby stadium in Dubai, United Arab Emirates The SevensThe Sevens StadiumFull nameThe Sevens StadiumLocationDubai, United Arab EmiratesCoordinates24°59′42″N 55°27′59″E / 24.99500°N 55.46639°E / 24.99500; 55.46639OwnerEmirates AirlineCapacity44,000 (temporary)SurfaceGrassConstructionBroke ground2007Built2008Opened28 November 2008TenantsUnited Arab Emirates National Rugby Union Team Dubai Hurricanes Dubai Exiles RFC The Sevens is a purpose-built rugby sevens sta…
Hongdu JL-8A K-8 dari team aerobatik Angkatan Udara Pakistan, Sherdils, pada Zhuhai Air Show 2010 di China.TipeLatih JetSerang ringanTerbang perdana1990Diperkenalkan1994StatusOperasionalPengguna utamaAU Tiongkok (Angkatan Udara Tentara Pembebasan Rakyat)Pengguna lainPakistan (Angkatan Udara Pakistan)Mesir (Egyptian Air Force)Maroko (Royal Moroccan Air Force)Jumlah produksi202 Hongdu JL-8 (atau Nanchang JL-8) adalah pesawat jet latih (trainer) berkursi ganda dibuat bersama ( joint-cooperation) an…
2008 song by Charlotte Perrelli HeroSingle by Charlotte Perrellifrom the album Hero A-sideHeroB-sideHero (Instrumental)ReleasedFebruary 2008Recorded2007Genre Europop disco Length2:56LabelUniversal MusicSongwriter(s) Bobby Ljunggren Fredrik Kempe Charlotte Perrelli singles chronology Jag är tillbaka (2007) Hero (2008) Eurovision Song Contest 2008 entryCountrySwedenArtist(s)Charlotte PerrelliLanguageEnglishComposer(s)Bobby LjunggrenFredrik KempeLyricist(s)Fredrik KempeFinals performanceSemi-final…
Oshi Domain忍藩under Tokugawa shogunate Japan1590–1871CapitalOshi CastleHistory • TypeDaimyō Historical eraEdo period• Established 1590• Disestablished 1871 Today part ofpart of Saitama Prefecture Reconstructed Oshi Castle, administrative center of Oshi Domain in Gyōoda, Saitama Oshi Domain (忍藩, Oshi-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Musashi Province (modern-day Saitama Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on …
Treść tego artykułu może nie być zgodna z zasadami neutralnego punktu widzenia.Dokładniejsze informacje o tym, co należy poprawić, być może znajdują się w dyskusji tego artykułu. Po wyeliminowaniu niedoskonałości należy usunąć szablon {{Dopracować}} z tego artykułu. Wydział BiologiiFaculty of Biology Uniwersytet Gdański Gmach Wydziału Biologii UG przy ul. Wita Stwosza w Gdańsku Data założenia 1970 Państwo Polska Adres 80-308 Gdańskul. Wita Stwosza 59 Liczba …
Ethnic Punjabis who are adherents of Islam Punjabi Muslimsپنجابی مسلمانRegions with significant populations Pakistan111,303,000 (see below) India535,489[1] United Kingdom500,000[2] United States263,699[3]LanguagesStandard Punjabi, Western Punjabi and its dialects, UrduReligion Islam(Sunni majority, Shia minority)Related ethnic groups Punjabi Christians Punjabi Sikhs Punjabi Hindus Part of a series onPunjabis History Folklore Language Dialec…
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