These flies tend to stay around open pasture areas where cattle or livestock tend to be. They like ponds or any water source as this is where they lay their eggs.[6]
^Drury, D. (1770–1773). Illustrations of natural history... Vol. 1,. London: Printed for the author; sold by White. pp. xxviii + 130 pp., 4 figs., 50 pls.
^Burger, J. F. (1995). "Catalog of Tabanidae (Diptera) in North America north of Mexico". International Contributions on Entomology. 1 (1). Associated Publishers: 1–100.
^
Choi, Kwang Shik, et al. “Seasonal Surveillance of Deer and Horse Flies (Diptera: Tabanidae), Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea.” Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, vol. 23, no. 2, 2020, pp. 315–19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2020.02.005.