Symphonie funèbre

The SORG MUSIK vid Högst Salig Hans Kongl. Maÿ^sts KONUNG GUSTAF III^s Bisättning by Joseph Martin Kraus was composed in 1792 as music for the funeral ceremonies (laying out) of the Swedish King Gustav III. The four-movement work was performed on 13 April 1792 in Riddarholmen church, the traditional burial church in Stockholm of Swedish monarchs. Since 1804 at the latest, it has been known under the name Symphonie funèbre (in Bertil van Boer's catalogue of works under number VB 148).^[1]

All four movements are in slow tempo. An introductory, solemnly carried Andante mesto with muted timpani and trumpets is followed by a rhythmically profiled Larghetto, like a shriek dance, with melodically ariose qualities. The third movement is simply titled Choral and consists of a simple four-part setting over the first verse of the Protestant hymn Now let us bury the body by Michael Weiße (1531). The finale begins in Adagio, in which the chorale is processed as a cantus firmus movement as well as a fugue (with a rhythmically altered thematic head). The cycle ends with a return of the timpani induction from the Andante mesto. The instrumentation, with two oboes each, clarinets and bassoons, four horns, two trumpets, timpani and strings, mainly serves the low registers.^[2]

Genetically and musically there is a close relationship to the funeral cantata (VB 42) performed on 14 May 1792, which is modelled both in text (Carl Gustav Leopold) and formally on conventions of the Passion Oratorio. This two-part funeral music for Gustav III - consisting of symphony and cantata - forms the musical climax and end of the short but culturally brilliant "Gustavian age".^[3]^[4]

References

^ Rudén, Jan Olof (1979). Joseph Martin Kraus, Sorgemusik över Gustav III / Trauermusik für Gustav III. Bisättningsmusik och Begravningskantat / Trauersinfonie und Begräbniskantate. Stockholm: Reimers.
^ Wegner, Sascha (2018). Symphonien aus dem Geiste der Vokalmusik: Zur Finalgestaltung in der Symphonik im 18. und frühen 19. Jahrhundert. Stuttgart: Metzler. pp. 1–40. ISBN 9783476046161. OCLC 1047881671.
^ Barton, H.[ildor] Arnold (Spring 1972). "Gustav III of Sweden and the Enlightenment". Eighteenth-Century Studies. 6: 1–34.
^ Wegner, Sascha (2012). "Zwischen Funeral- und Passionsmusik. Die Trauerkantate für Gustav III. von Joseph Martin Kraus". Musik, Politik, Ästhetik. Detlef Altenburg zum 65. Geburtstag. Ed. by Axel Schröter and Daniel Ortuno-Stühring. Sinzig: Studio: 687–708.

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