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Svartisen
Svartisen
	Engabreen, an outlet glacier of Svartisen
	Location of the glacier Svartisen (Norway)
Location	Nordland, Norway
Coordinates	66°38′N 14°00′E / 66.633°N 14.000°E
Area	369 km2 (142 sq mi)

Svartisen is a collective term for two glaciers located in Nordland county in northern Norway. It is part of Saltfjellet-Svartisen National Park, located in the Saltfjell mountain range. The glaciers are located in the municipalities of Beiarn, Meløy, Rana, and Rødøy. Svartisen consists of two separate glaciers that are separated by the 1-kilometre (0.62 mi) long Vesterdalen valley. The two glaciers are:^[1]

Vestisen^[1] or Vestre Svartisen ("western Svartisen") has an area of 221 square kilometres (85 sq mi) which makes it the second largest glacier on the Norwegian mainland after the Jostedalsbreen glacier. (There are larger glaciers on Svalbard.)
Østisen^[1] or Østre Svartisen ("eastern Svartisen") has an area of 148 square kilometres (57 sq mi) which makes it the country's fourth largest glacier.

There are also a number of minor glaciers in the area surrounding Svartisen, such as Glombreen in the northern part of Meløy Municipality, and Simlebreen in Beiarn Municipality. One of the outlet glaciers of Svartisen, Engabreen ends at the lowest point of any glacier on the European mainland, at 20 metres (66 ft) above sea level (in 2007). The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate has monitored the glacier mass balance of the glacier since 1970 and operates a sub-glacial laboratory beneath Engabreen.^[1]

Water from the glacier is collected and used for hydropower production via runoff into the streams and lakes and through intakes bored beneath Engabreen.

Name

The first element is svart which means 'swart' or 'black' and the last element is the finite form of is meaning 'ice' or 'glacier'. The old ice of the glacier is considerably darker than fresh ice and newfallen snow.^[1]

Western Svartisen

The western Svartisen ice cap is a glacier occupying 201 square kilometres (78 sq mi) of the coastal area of central Norway, just inside the Arctic Circle. Most of the glacier is around 1000 metres above sea level on a high plateau. The ice cap owes its existence to the high snowfall rates in the region, rather than the cold temperatures, similar to other glaciers close by such as the Jostedalsbreen glacier. The surface on the top of the plateau feeds many outlet glaciers, including the Engabreen glacier. The status of the glacier is unknown, although some of the outlet glaciers are advancing and gaining ice mass.^[2]

Media gallery

Svartisen from seaside
Aerial view
Holandsfjord where the glacier get closer to the sea than any other glacier in Europe (apart from Svalbard).
Aerial view
Glacier heading towards the water
Engabreen seen from the air
Body of water next to the glacier

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Thorsnæs, Geir; Liestøl, Olav, eds. (2016-04-27). "Svartisen". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 2019-01-27.
^ Earth. 2003. p. 274. ISBN 1-4053-0018-3.