Bhattacharya is the daughter of C. G. Bhattacharya, a statistician at the Indian Statistical Institute.[2] She earned an undergraduate degree in electronics and electrical communication at IIT Kharagpur,[3] in 1993.[4]
Next, she worked for IBM from 1993 until 2014. She was elected to the IBM Academy of Technology in 2005,[3] and promoted to Senior Technical Staff Member in 2006, the first woman at that level in IBM India.[5] She moved internally to IBM Research in 2012.[3] While working for IBM, she completed a Ph.D. in computer science and automation at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc),[3] in 2013,[4] winning the IISc Alumni gold medal for her dissertation on power-aware software.[2]
After moving to Hewlett Packard Enterprise as a distinguished technologist, she was named as an HPE Fellow in 2023.[2]