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Stream (abstract data type)

For the more applied concept in computing, see Stream (computing).

In type theory and functional programming, a stream is a potentially infinite analog of a list, given by the coinductive definition:[1][2] 

data Stream α = Nil | Cons α (Stream α)

Generating and computing with streams requires lazy evaluation, either implicitly in a lazily evaluated language or by creating and forcing thunks in an eager language. In total languages they must be defined as codata and can be iterated over using (guarded) corecursion.

UML package diagram of the stream hierarchy in .NET

Java provides the Stream interface under the java.util.stream namespace.

JavaScript provides the ReadableStream, WritableStream and TransformStream interfaces.[3]

Python have the StreamReader and StreamWriter classes in the asyncio module.[4]

.NET provides the abstract class Stream[5] which is implemented by classes such as FileStream and MemoryStream.[6]

In Rust a struct can implement the Read trait.[7] There is also the Cursor struct wraps an in-memory buffer.[8]

See also

References

  1. ^ Yamagiwa, Shinichi (2022), Katoh, Naoki; Higashikawa, Yuya; Ito, Hiro; Nagao, Atsuki (eds.), "Stream-Based Lossless Data Compression", Sublinear Computation Paradigm: Algorithmic Revolution in the Big Data Era, Singapore: Springer, pp. 391–410, doi:10.1007/978-981-16-4095-7_16, ISBN 978-981-16-4095-7{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
  2. ^ Sangma, Jerry W.; Sarkar, Mekhla; Pal, Vipin; Agrawal, Amit; Yogita (2022-04-01). "Hierarchical clustering for multiple nominal data streams with evolving behaviour". Complex & Intelligent Systems. 8 (2): 1737–1761. doi:10.1007/s40747-021-00634-0. ISSN 2198-6053.
  3. ^ "Streams API - Web APIs | MDN". developer.mozilla.org. 26 July 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2025.
  4. ^ "Streams". Python documentation. Retrieved 17 December 2024.
  5. ^ "Stream Class (System.IO)". learn.microsoft.com. Microsoft. Retrieved 17 December 2024.
  6. ^ "File and Stream I/O - .NET". learn.microsoft.com. Microsoft. 15 September 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2024.
  7. ^ "Read in std::io - Rust". doc.rust-lang.org. Retrieved 28 January 2025.
  8. ^ "Cursor in std::io - Rust". doc.rust-lang.org. Retrieved 28 January 2025.


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