Samuelson studied architecture at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm.
He was professor at Lund University of Technology from 1964–1983. Together with architect Fritz Jaenecke (1903-1978), Sten Samuelson started a joint office in 1950. Samuelson worked with Jaenecke & Samuelson until 1970. Together they came to draw several well-known public buildings in the 1950s and 1960s. Jaenecke & Samuelson designed the Malmö Stadion in Malmö and Ullevi, the multi-purpose stadium in Gothenburg, which were constructed for the 1958 FIFA World Cup.
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