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St George's Hospital
St George's Hospital
St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
	Shown in Wandsworth
Geography
Location	Blackshaw Road; London; SW17 0QT
Organisation
Care system	NHS England
Type	Teaching
Affiliated university	St George's, University of London
Services
Emergency department	Yes (Major Trauma Centre)
Beds	1,300
Helipad	Yes
History
Opened	1733; 291 years ago (Hyde Park Corner), 1976; 48 years ago (current site)
Closed	1980; 44 years ago (Hyde Park Corner)
Links
Website	http://www.stgeorges.nhs.uk
Other links	St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

St George's Hospital is a large teaching hospital in Tooting, London. Founded in 1733, it is one of the UK's largest teaching hospitals and one of the largest hospitals in Europe.^[2] It is run by the St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. It shares its main hospital site in Tooting in the London Borough of Wandsworth, with St George's, University of London, which trains NHS staff and carries out advanced medical research.

The hospital has around 1,300 beds and most general tertiary care such as accident and emergency, maternity services and care for older people and children. However, as a major acute hospital, St George's Hospital also offers specialist care for the more complex injuries and illnesses, including trauma, neurology, cardiac care, renal transplantation, cancer care and stroke. It is also home to one of four major trauma centres and one of eight hyper-acute stroke units for London.

St George's Hospital also provides care for patients from a larger catchment area in the South East of England, for specialities such as complex pelvic trauma. Other services treat patients from all over the country, such as family HIV care and bone marrow transplantation for non-cancer diseases. The trust also provides a nationwide endoscopy training service.

History

Early history

Following a disagreement between medical staff and the Board of Governors over the expansion of the Westminster Infirmary, a mass exodus of medical staff left, in 1733, to set up what became St George's Hospital.^[3] The Board of Governors had favoured a house in Castle Lane^[4] but the medical staff preferred Lanesborough House at Hyde Park Corner.^[5]

Lanesborough House, originally built in 1719 by James Lane, 2nd Viscount Lanesborough,^[6]^[7] was at that time located in open countryside. The new St George's Hospital was arranged on three floors and accommodated 30 patients in two wards: one for men and one for women. The hospital was gradually extended and, by 1744, it had fifteen wards and over 250 patients.^[8]

By the 1800s, the hospital was slipping into disrepair. The old Lanesborough House at Hyde Park Corner was demolished to make way for a new 350 bed facility designed by architect William Wilkins. Building began in 1827 and was completed by 1844.^[9]

By 1859, a critical shortage of beds led to the addition of an attic floor. This was soon insufficient and led to the creation of a new convalescent hospital, Atkinson Morley's in Wimbledon, freeing up beds at St George's for acute patients.^[10]

A medical school was established in 1834 at Kinnerton Street and was incorporated into the hospital in 1868. The Medical School, now St George's, University of London, was built in the south-west corner of the hospital site in Hyde Park, with the main entrance in Knightsbridge and the back entrance in Grosvenor Crescent Mews.^[11]

In 1948, the National Health Service was introduced and plans for a new site for St George's at The Grove and Fountain Fever Hospitals at Tooting were eventually agreed upon. In 1954, the Grove Hospital became part of St George's, and clinical teaching started in Tooting.^[5]

After a new hospital had been built at Tooting, St George's Hospital at Hyde Park Corner closed its doors for the last time in 1980.^[8] The building still stands and is now The Lanesborough Hotel on the west side of Hyde Park Corner.^[12]

Relocation to Tooting

The new hospital at Tooting was built in stages. The first stage, which included 710 beds and the medical school, was completed in 1976, although the main hospital was not completed until 1980.^[8]

In 1981, medical education in London was reorganised to recognise the movement of population away from the centre. There are now fewer, larger medical schools in London. The expansion of St George's, University of London (formerly St George's Hospital Medical School) has become part of this policy.^[13]

In 2004, neuroscience services located at Atkinson Morley Hospital in Wimbledon moved to the brand new Atkinson Morley Wing on the main St George's site.^[14] This addition to the hospital now also houses cardiac and cardiothoracic services which have moved from the old fever hospital wards. St George's today provides a total of over 1,000 beds making it one of the biggest in the country.^[15]

In April 2010 St George's Healthcare became part of the South West London and Surrey Trauma Network (SWLSTN). All Accident and Emergency (A&E) departments within the network continue to provide trauma services with St George's designated as the major trauma centre. It is one of a small number of A&E departments to benefit from Pearson Lloyd's redesign – 'A Better A&E' – which reduced aggression against hospital staff by 50 per cent. A system of environmental signage provides location-specific information for patients. Screens provide live information about how many cases are being handled and the current status of the A&E department.^[16] In October 2010 St George's Healthcare NHS Trust integrated with Community Services Wandsworth, after approval from NHS London.^[17]

In May 2014 the Trust's application for Foundation Trust status was approved by the NHS Trust Development Authority following a positive rating from the Care Quality Commission. In the last five years the trust has turned around a large deficit and repaid a debt of £34m. The TDA identified several areas that the trust will have to work on to ensure it gets through the final stages of FT assessment. These include improving its A&E performance against the four-hour waiting time target and putting together a robust operating plan for the next two years.^[18] From October 2014 the hospital's Accident and Emergency department has featured in the Channel 4 documentary series "24 Hours in A&E".^[19]

In August 2018 it was reported that the average death rate nationally among patients receiving cardiac surgery was 2%, but that the cardiac unit at St George's had experienced 3.7%. Toxic disputes between surgeons were blamed. Mike Bewick wrote a report claiming "inadequate" internal scrutiny of the department; also the surgeons were divided into "two camps" showing "tribal-like activity". Bewick stated, "In our view the whole team shares responsibility for the failure to significantly improve professional relationships and to a degree surgical mortality." The hospital maintained it was taking action.^[20]

Notable students and staff

Among those who have been associated with St George's are:

Katherine McCall Anderson, RRC & Bar, distinguished military and civilian nurse, matron from 1907 to 1914
Rosena Allin-Khan, doctor and Labour MP for Tooting
Sir William H. Bennett established a department of massage for the treatment of fractures
Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 1st Baronet, English physiologist and surgeon who pioneered research into bone and joint disease
Geoffrey Davies 1924–2008, Cardiology Technician who invented the British version of the cardiac pacemaker^[21]
Clinton Thomas Dent, surgeon and mountaineer
Cornwallis Hewett, Physician-Extraordinary to the King, William IV as well as Physician to St George's Hospital
Sir Prescott Hewett, 1st Bt., Physician to the Queen and Serjeant Surgeon to Queen Victoria as well as Physician to St George's Hospital
William Howship Dickinson, involved in the early characterisation of Alport syndrome
Joseph Forlenze, ophthalmologist of the Napoleonic Empire
Henry Gray, anatomist
Dorinda Hafner, first black RN trained at the hospital^[22]
Helen Hanks (nurse), matron from 1930 to 1947, distinguished nurse and matron during WWII
Harry Hill, subsequently stand-up comedian and TV funny man
John Hunter, father of modern surgery
Edward Jenner, introduced vaccination for smallpox
Henry Lee, surgeon, pathologist and syphilologist
Henry Marsh, neurosurgeon and author of the bestselling memoir Do No Harm
Peter H Millard Emeritus Professor of Geriatrics and inventor of Nosokinetics
Atkinson Morley, philanthropist
Humphry Osmond, pioneer of orthomolecular psychiatry and coiner of the word psychedelic
George David Pollock, pioneer of skin grafts
Muriel Powell (nurse), matron from 1947 to 1969, innovator in nursing practice and education, chief nurse of Scotland 1969-1976
Juda Hirsch Quastel, biochemist, with discoveries in neuroscience, soil chemistry and cancer
Marmaduke Sheild, surgeon who gave his name to the Sheild Professorship of Pharmacology at Cambridge University
Paul Sinha, comedian^[23]
Peter Sleight, internationally renowned cardiologist
Sir Patrick Vallance, Government Chief Scientific Adviser (GCSA) and Head of the Government Science and Engineering (GSE) profession
John Taylor Warren, military medical officer
Thomas Spencer Wells, pioneer in abdominal surgery
Edward Adrian Wilson, polar explorer and member of Robert Falcon Scott's ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition to the South Pole
Thomas Young, physician, mathematician and hieroglyphicologist

In the media

The old hospital was the subject of an impromptu poem by Letitia Elizabeth Landon.^[24]

The hospital is part of the long-running Channel 4 documentary series 24 Hours in A&E.^[25]

Arms

Coat of arms of St George's Hospital
	Notes Granted 28 February 1835 ^[26] Crest On a wreath of the colours a lion rampant Or resting the forepaws on an antique shield charged with the figure of St George slaying the dragon Proper. Escutcheon Or the staff of Aesculapius in pale Proper surmounted by a celestial crown Azure. Supporters On the dexter side a figure representing Aesculapius Proper habited in a robe Purpure supporting with the left hand his staff also Proper and on the sinister side a figure representing Hygeia vested Argent holding in the exterior hand the patera and serpent Proper. Motto Deus Incubat Angui (May the Lord nurture the serpent [of Asclepius])

References

^ "St George's Hospital". St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
^ "University guide 2015: St George's, University of London". The Guardian. 25 May 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
^ "Westminster Hospital". Lost Hospitals of London. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
^ Crellin, John K. (1961). "Eighteenth Century Pharmacy at St George's Hospital London". Medical History. 5 (4). Cambridge University: 327–340. doi:10.1017/s0025727300026624. PMC 1034651. PMID 13882109.
^ ^a ^b "History". St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Archived from the original on 20 February 2009. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
^ Lysons, Daniel (1795). "'Chelsea: (part 3 of 3)', in The Environs of London: Volume 2, County of Middlesex". London: British History Online. pp. 162–184. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
^ The London high life Archived 14 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
^ ^a ^b ^c History of St George's Hospital Medical School Archived 9 September 2012 at archive.today
^ "Designs for St George's Hospital, Hyde Park Corner, London: elevation of entablature and capital with profiles of the cornice". RIBA. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
^ Gould, Terry, & David Uttley (2000). A History of the Atkinson Morley's Hospital 1869-1995. London: Athlone. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-567-63304-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ "St George's, University of London, has a long and rich history, dating back more than 250 years". St George's, University of London. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
^ "Oetker Collection takes on management of the Lanesborough hotel". The Caterer. 12 November 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
^ "London Undergraduate Medical Schools (Reorganisation)". Hansard. 17 March 1981. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
^ "Atkinson Morley's Hospital". Lost Hospitals of London. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
^ "St. George's Hospital, NHS and the state of thoracic surgery". Thoracic Surgery. 6 December 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
^ "A&E department redesign 'cuts aggression by half'". Design Week. 28 November 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
^ "Merger of Wandsworth PCT's provider services arm and St George's Healthcare NHS Trust". Co-operation and Commissioning Panel. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
^ "TDA approves teaching hospital's foundation trust bid". Health Service Journal. 2 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
^ "Introduction to St George's Hospital". Channel 4. 31 October 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
^ "Surgeons' 'toxic' rows added to mortality rate, says report". BBC. 4 August 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
^ "Obituary: Geoffrey Davies". The Telegraph. 14 December 2008. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
^ "Dorinda Hafner". Saxton Speakers. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
^ "Paul Sinha". The List. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
^ Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1822) Poetic Sketch. Second Series - Sketch the Fourth. St. George's Hospital, Hyde Park Corner, The Literary Gazette
^ "Channel 4 24 Hours in A&E viewers devastated after patient dies following filming of show". Liverpool Echo. 21 May 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
^ "St George's Hospital". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 3 February 2021.

51°25′36″N 0°10′33″W / 51.4267°N 0.1757°W / 51.4267; -0.1757

[1] "St George's Hospital". St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Retrieved 16 April 2018.

[grauniad-2] "University guide 2015: St George's, University of London". The Guardian. 25 May 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2014.

[3] "Westminster Hospital". Lost Hospitals of London. Retrieved 5 November 2017.

[4] Crellin, John K. (1961). "Eighteenth Century Pharmacy at St George's Hospital London". Medical History. 5 (4). Cambridge University: 327–340. doi:10.1017/s0025727300026624. PMC 1034651. PMID 13882109.

[aboutstgeorges-5] "History". St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Archived from the original on 20 February 2009. Retrieved 16 April 2018.

[6] Lysons, Daniel (1795). "'Chelsea: (part 3 of 3)', in The Environs of London: Volume 2, County of Middlesex". London: British History Online. pp. 162–184. Retrieved 16 April 2018.

[7] The London high life Archived 14 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine

[sgul-history-8] History of St George's Hospital Medical School Archived 9 September 2012 at archive.today

[9] "Designs for St George's Hospital, Hyde Park Corner, London: elevation of entablature and capital with profiles of the cornice". RIBA. Retrieved 16 April 2018.

[10] Gould, Terry, & David Uttley (2000). A History of the Atkinson Morley's Hospital 1869-1995. London: Athlone. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-567-63304-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[11] "St George's, University of London, has a long and rich history, dating back more than 250 years". St George's, University of London. Retrieved 16 April 2018.

[12] "Oetker Collection takes on management of the Lanesborough hotel". The Caterer. 12 November 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2018.

[13] "London Undergraduate Medical Schools (Reorganisation)". Hansard. 17 March 1981. Retrieved 16 April 2018.

[14] "Atkinson Morley's Hospital". Lost Hospitals of London. Retrieved 16 April 2018.

[15] "St. George's Hospital, NHS and the state of thoracic surgery". Thoracic Surgery. 6 December 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2018.

[16] "A&E department redesign 'cuts aggression by half'". Design Week. 28 November 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.

[17] "Merger of Wandsworth PCT's provider services arm and St George's Healthcare NHS Trust". Co-operation and Commissioning Panel. Retrieved 16 April 2018.

[18] "TDA approves teaching hospital's foundation trust bid". Health Service Journal. 2 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.

[19] "Introduction to St George's Hospital". Channel 4. 31 October 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2018.

[20] "Surgeons' 'toxic' rows added to mortality rate, says report". BBC. 4 August 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.

[21] "Obituary: Geoffrey Davies". The Telegraph. 14 December 2008. Retrieved 16 April 2018.

[saxton-22] "Dorinda Hafner". Saxton Speakers. Retrieved 23 December 2021.

[23] "Paul Sinha". The List. Retrieved 18 December 2021.

[24] Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1822) Poetic Sketch. Second Series - Sketch the Fourth. St. George's Hospital, Hyde Park Corner, The Literary Gazette

[25] "Channel 4 24 Hours in A&E viewers devastated after patient dies following filming of show". Liverpool Echo. 21 May 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019.

[26] "St George's Hospital". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 3 February 2021.

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PROFILPELAJAR.COM

St George's Hospital

History

Early history

Relocation to Tooting

Notable students and staff

In the media

Arms

See also

References

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