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St. Sebaldus Church
St. Sebaldus Church
Sebalduskirche
	northern facade
	St. Sebaldus Church St. Sebaldus Church
	49°27′19″N 11°4′35″E / 49.45528°N 11.07639°E
Location	Nuremberg
Country	Germany
Denomination	Lutheran
Previous denomination	Catholic
Website	www.sebalduskirche.de
History
Status	Parish church
Founded	1225 (building); 1255 (parish)
Architecture
Functional status	Active
Style	Romanesque (original building); Gothic
Administration
Division	Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria
Clergy
Senior pastor(s)	Martin Brons
Laity
Director of music	Bernhard Buttmann

St. Sebaldus Church (St. Sebald, Sebalduskirche) is a medieval church in Nuremberg, Germany. Along with Frauenkirche (Our Lady's Church) and St. Lorenz, it is one of the most important churches of the city, and also one of the oldest. It is located at the Albrecht-Dürer-Platz, in front of the old city hall. It takes its name from Sebaldus, an 8th-century hermit and missionary and patron saint of Nuremberg. It has been a Lutheran parish church since the Reformation.

History

The construction of the building began in 1225. the church achieved parish church status in 1255 and was completed by 1273–75. It was originally built as a Romanesque basilica with two choirs. During the 14th century several important changes to the construction were made: first the side aisles were widened and the steeples made higher (1309–1345), then the late gothic hall chancel was built (1358–1379). The two towers were added in the 15th century. In the middle 17th century galleries were added and the interior was remodelled in the Baroque fashion. The church suffered serious damage during World War II and was subsequently restored. Some of the old interior undamaged includes the Shrine of St. Sebaldus, works by Veit Stoss and the stained glass windows. In the church the famous epitaph of the Tucher family can be found.

Monument of St. Sebaldus, a work of Peter Vischer the Elder and his sons. Begun 1508, completed 1519
3D historical restoration of the Romanesque-period form of the St. Sebald Church
3D historical restoration of the early Gothic-period Saint Sebald Church
3D historical restoration showing Saint Sebald's late Gothic East Choir addition superimposed on the early Gothic church
3D historical restoration showing the Romanesque-period Saint Sebald Church superimposed on the current Church
Tucher Epitaph

Organ

The church had an organ by the 14th century, and another by the 15th. The main organ had been built in 1440–41 by Heinrich Traxdorf, who also built two small organs for Nuremberg's Frauenkirche. The Traxdorf organ was rebuilt in 1691. The modified case was destroyed by the Allied forces during a bombing raid on 2 January 1945.

The new 4 manual, 122 rank, 84 stop organ by Peter of Cologne was installed in 1975.

I Hauptwerk C–a³

Praestant

16′

Bordun

16′

Principal

8′

Metallflöte

8′

Spitzgambe

8′

Großnasat

5¹/₃′

Octave

4′

Spitzflöte

4′

Schwiegel

2²/₃′

Octave

2′

Rohrschweizerpfeife

2′

Kornett V

8′

Hintersatz III–IV

4′

Mixtur VI–VII

2′

Trompete

16′

Trompete

8′

Trompete

4′

Glocken

II Schwell-Positiv C–a³

Rohrpommer

16′

Grobgedeckt

8′

Quintadena

8′

Weidenpfeife

8′

Principal

4′

Rohrflöte

4′

Nasatquinte

2²/₃′

Kleinoctave

2′

Überblasender Dulcian

2′

Gemsterz

1³/₅′

Kleinquinte

1¹/₃′

Sifflet

1′

Septnone II

1¹/₇′

Scharfmixtur IV–VI

1′

Cimbel III

¹/₃′

Rohrkrummhorn

16′

Voix humaine

8′

Schalmei

8′

Tremulant

III Schwell-Oberwerk C–a³

Nachthorngedeckt

16′

Schwellprincipal

8′

Rohrgedeckt

8′

Flaut d’amore

8′

Flaut lament (Schwebung)

8′

Octava nazarda

4′

Koppelflöte

4′

Terzflöte

3¹/₅′

Octave

2′

Flute douce

2′

Rohrgemsquinte

1¹/₃′

Span. Hintersatz III

4′

Sesquialtera II

2²/₃′

Mixtur V–VI

1¹/₃′

Oberton II

⁸/₁₁′

Fagott

16′

Trompete harmonique

8′

Clairon

4′

Tremulant

Xylophon

Pedalwerk C–f¹

Principalbass

32′

Principalbass

16′

Subbass

16′

Gedecktbass

16′

Salizetbass

16′

Octavbass

8′

Bassflöte

8′

Octave

4′

Gemshorn

4′

Doppelrohrflöte

2′

Bauernflöte

1′

Rauschzink IV

5¹/₃′

Mixtur IV

2²/₃′

Bombarde

32′

Posaunenbass

16′

Trompetenbass

8′

Bärpfeife

8′

Feldtrompete

4′

Tremulant

(IV) Chororgel C–a³

Gedeckt

8′

Engl. Gambe

8′

Principal

4′

Rohrtraverse

4′

Octave

2′

Quinte

2²/₃′

Mixtur III–IV

1′

Musette

8′

Tremulant

Pedal (Chororgel) C–f¹

Pommer

16′

Bassflöte

8′

Choralbass II

4′

Couplers: II/I, III/I, III/II, IV/I, IV/II, IV/III, I/P, II/P, II 4'/P, III/P, IV/P

Organists

The position of organist of St. Sebaldus was the most important one of this kind in Nuremberg, and several important composers occupied this post. Organists who worked at St. Sebaldus include the following (almost all held the post until their death, except where stated otherwise):

1446–1450: Conrad Paumann, secretly left for Munich
1522–1524: Hans Seber
1564-1561: Sebald Heyden
1567–1571: Hans Haiden
1596–1616: Hans Christoph Haiden, dismissed for adultery
1616–1618: Kasper Hassler
1618–1634: Johann Staden
1634–1658: Valentin Dretzel
1658–1686: Paul Hainlein
1686–1695: Georg Caspar Wecker
1695–1706: Johann Pachelbel
1706–1719: Johann Siegmund Richter
1719–1764: Wilhelm Hieronymus Pachelbel (Johann's son)
1764–1775: Cornelius Heinrich Dretzel
1783–1810: Egidius Bauer
1969–1991: Werner Jacob (left)

Judensau

The church features a Judensau, an antisemitic sculpture depicting Jews engaged in obscene activities with pigs. The Judensau depicts a large sow, with two Jews hanging on the teats. A third Jew is feeding the sow on the left side, while a fourth is collecting the excrement on the right. The sculpture was made in the 1380s and is placed at a height of about 7 meters on the church.^[1]

Burials

Sebaldus

References

^ "What Should We Do with Hateful Medieval Monuments?". The Public Medievalist. 25 November 2020. Retrieved 2021-12-11.

Christoph Wolff. "Paumann, Conrad", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy, grovemusic.com (subscription access).
Harold E. Samuel, Susan Gattuso. "Nuremberg", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy, grovemusic.com (subscription access).

External links

(in German) St. Sebald Official Site
St. Sebald at the official site of Nuremberg Includes a brief description in English
St. Sebaldus church at Archiseek.com Includes brief descriptions and photographs
Saint Sebald Church digital media archive (creative commons-licensed photos, laser scans, panoramas), data from a Christofori und Partner/CyArk/Bavarian State Department of Monuments and Sites research partnership