It is the mother church for Roman Rite worshipers in the diocese of Chiayi,[4] also written Kiayi or (Dioecesis Kiayiensis; 天主教嘉義教區) which was raised to its current status in 1962 by the bull Cum Apostolica by Pope John XXIII. It is under the pastoral responsibility of Bishop Thomas Chung An-zu.
The current cathedral was built between 1957 and 1958. It has been renovated several times especially after the 1964 Baihe earthquake, after by several floods and typhoons, and a small fire that occurred in 1997.