Soviet submarine Shch-215

	Shchuka-class X-series submarine
History
Soviet Union
Name	Shch-215 (1937–49);; S-215 (1949–56);
Builder	Sudostroytelnyi zavod imeny 61 Kommunara, Nikolayev, USSR
Yard number	1039
Laid down	27 March 1935
Launched	11 January 1937
Commissioned	30 August 1938
Stricken	29 December 1955
Fate	Scrapped 18 January 1956
General characteristics
Class and type	Shchuka-class submarine, Type X
Displacement	577 tons surfaced; 704 tons submerged;
Length	57.00 m (187 ft 0 in)
Beam	6.20 m (20 ft 4 in)
Draught	3.78 m (12 ft 5 in)
Propulsion	2 shaft diesel electric, 1,020 kW (1,370 bhp) diesel, 600 kW (800 bhp) electric
Speed	12.5 knots (23.2 km/h; 14.4 mph) on the surface;; 6.3 knots (11.7 km/h; 7.2 mph) submerged;
Range	6,000 nautical miles (11,000 km; 6,900 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph)
Test depth	91 m (300 ft)
Complement	38
Armament	4 × bow torpedo tubes; 2 × stern torpedo tubes; (10 torpedoes); 2 × 45 mm (1.8 in) semi-automatic guns;

Щ-215 (transliterated as Shch-215 or sometimes SC-215) was a Soviet Navy Shchuka-class submarine, Type X.^[5] She was built at the Sudostroytelnyi zavod imeny 61 kommunara in Mykolaiv, Ukrainian SSR, and entered service in October 1938^[1] with the Soviet Black Sea fleet based at Sevastopol. Shch-215 survived the Second World War, was reclassified С-215 (S-215 in the Roman alphabet) in 1949 and was decommissioned in 1955.^[1]

Shch-215 is notorious for an attack in February 1944 when she torpedoed and sank the motor schooner MV Mefküre.^[3]^[4]^[2] Mefküre was carrying between 300 and 400 Jewish refugees, all but five of whom were killed.

Wartime service

On 9 October 1941, north of Cape Emine in Bulgaria, Shch-215 attacked what she identified as a patrol vessel. The submarine fired a torpedo but it missed.^[1]

On 18 November, east-north-east of Tsarevo, Bulgaria, Shch-215 torpedoed and sank the 641 gross register tons (GRT) Turkish steamship Yenice.^[1]

On 20 June 1942, south of the mouth of the Sulina branch of the Danube Delta, Shch-215 attacked the German minesweepers FR 1 and FR 11 with two torpedoes at the vessels, both of which missed.^[1]

Late on 23 January 1943, south of Cape Tarkhankut in Crimea, Shch-215 fired three torpedoes at a German barge, all of which missed.^[1] In the small hours of the next day, west of Yevpatoria in Crimea, Shch-215 attacked the German barge F 125. The submarine fired three torpedoes and her deck gun at the barge, all of which missed.^[1]

On 8 March, west-south-west of Cape Tarkhankut, Shch-215 attacked the German 965 GRT tanker Wolga-Don escorted by two patrol vessels. The submarine fired three torpedoes at the tanker, all of which missed.^[1] On 13 March, south-west of Cape Tarkhankut, Shch-215 attacked the Hungarian 465 GRT cargo ship Budapest. The submarine fired two torpedoes at the freighter but both missed.^[1]

On 16 May, south of Sudak in Crimea, Shch-215 fired two torpedoes at the German barge F 170. On 24 May, north-north-west of Sevastopol, Shch-215 attacked the Italian 3,740 GRT tanker Celeno with four torpedoes, all of which missed. On 29 May, 40 nautical miles (74 km) south-east of Feodosiya in Crimea, Shch-215 fired a torpedo at the German tug Netty, but missed.

On 30 August, north of the Bosphorus in Turkey, Shch-215 torpedoed and sank the German 1,782 GRT cargo ship Thisbe.^[1]

Early on 11 November, west of Yevpatoria, Shch-215 fired two torpedoes at an unidentified merchant ship, both of which missed. Two hours later Shch-215 fired two more torpedoes at a merchant ship, probably the same vessel, but again both missed. Early on 15 November off Cape Tarkhankut, Shch-215 fired two torpedoes at a German convoy of barges and smaller vessels.^[1] Four hours later she fired two torpedoes, sinking the German barge F 592. The next day, west of Yevpatoria, Shch-215 fired two torpedoes at the German minesweeper MT 1, both of which missed.^[1]

On 27 March 1944, in the western part of the Black Sea, Shch-215 sighted the German 2,760 GRT cargo ship Totila being escorted by U-Jäger ("Submarine chaser") UJ-117. She attacked with four torpedoes, all of which missed.^[1]

On 16 April, midway between Constanța and Sevastopol, Shch-215 attacked a German convoy. The submarine fired four torpedoes, missing U-Jäger UJ-115.^[1]

On 24 August, north of Cape Emine, Shch-215 torpedoed and sank the Bulgarian 180 GRT sailing vessel Vita.^[1] The next day she torpedoed and sank the Turkish 712 GRT cargo ship Yilmaz.^[1]

MV Mefküre massacre

On 5 August 1944, north-west of the Bosphorus, Shch-215 sank the Turkish small motor schooner Mefküre by torpedo and gunfire.^[1]^[6] Mefküre's tonnage is uncertain: some sources state 52 GRT;^[1]^[6]^[7] others 120 GRT.^[8] As well as torpedoing Mefküre, the submarine fired 90 rounds from her 45-mm guns and 650 rounds from her 7.62 mm machine guns.^[3]^[4]^[2] Shch-215's commander, A.I. Strizhak, claimed that he had seen about 200 armed men aboard Mefküre.^[3]^[2]

In fact Mefküre was carrying Jewish refugees who had embarked at Constanța bound for Palestine. Exactly how many refugees were crowded aboard is unknown, but a number estimated to be between 289 and 394 were killed.^[6] Six of Mefküre's seven crew and only five of the refugees survived.^[6] At daybreak they were rescued by the merchant ship Bulbul, which was also carrying Jewish refugees on the same route as part of the same charter.^[6]

Ships sunk by *Shch-215*^[9]
Date	Ship	Tonnage	Notes
18 November 1941	Yenice	300 GRT	freighter (torpedo)
30 August 1943	Thisbé	1,782 GRT	freighter (torpedo)
15 November 1943	F-592	155 GRT	barge (torpedo)
5 August 1944	Mefküre	52 GRT	motor schooner (torpedo and gunfire)
24 August 1944	Vita	180 GRT	sailing vessel (torpedo and gunfire)
Total:		2,469 GRT

Post-war fate

On 16 June 1949 Shch-215 was reclassified S-215 (С-215 in the Cyrillic alphabet).^[4]

S-215 was laid up on 13 July 1953, decommissioned on 29 December 1955 and scrapped at Inkerman on 18 January 1956.^[3]^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w Helgason, Guðmundur. "USSR Shch-213". uboat.net. Guðmundur Helgason. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Щ-215. СОВЕТСКИЕ ПОДВОДНЫЕ ЛОДКИ (in Russian). 23 April 2008. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Nikolaev, Aleksandr S. "Щ-215, С-215 туп "Щ" X серии". Энциклопедия отечественного подводного флота (in Russian). Retrieved 27 March 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Подводная лодка "Щ-215". Черноморский Флот информационный ресурс (in Russian). 2000–2013. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
^ ^a ^b Helgason, Guðmundur. "ShCh (Scuka) class". uboat.net. Guðmundur Helgason. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "מפקורה SS Mefküre Mafkura Mefkura". Haapalah / Aliyah Bet. 27 September 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
^ Lettens, Jan (24 December 2012). "SV Mefkure (+1944)". The Wreck Site. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
^ Lawson, Siri Holm. "Re: Identity of MEFKURE sunk 1944". Norwegian Merchant Fleet WW II. Warsailors. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
^ "ShCh-215". uboat.net. Retrieved 14 July 2015.