South Auckland volcanic field

South Auckland volcanic field
Hochstetter 1859 geological map of the southern part of the then Auckland Province that recognised the basalt (gray-purple) of the South Auckland volcanic field but few of its volcanic features. The map also shows what is now the Waikato, and identifies other volcanic features of this part of the North Island.
Highest point
Elevation379 m (1,243 ft)
Coordinates37°11′44″S 175°01′05″E / 37.195506°S 175.018135°E / -37.195506; 175.018135
Geography
Map
Location and extent of extinct South Auckland volcanic field
Geology
Rock agePleistocene (1.48–0.55 Ma)[1]
↓
Mountain typeVolcanic field
Rock typeBasalt
Last eruptionc. 550,000 years ago

The South Auckland volcanic field, also known as the Franklin Volcanic Field, is an area of extinct monogenetic volcanoes around Pukekohe, the Franklin area and north-western Waikato, south of the Auckland volcanic field. The field contains at least 82 volcanoes, which erupted between 550,000 and 1,600,000 years ago.[1]

Features

The field extends from Pukekiwiriki east of Papakura in the north and Pukekawa in the south. The field contains at least 82 volcanoes, and is older than the Auckland volcanic field to the north.[2] The youngest volcanoes are likely the Bombay Hills shield volcano, which erupted an estimated 600,000 years ago, and Pukekohe Hill, the largest shield volcano of the field, which erupted an estimated 550,000 years ago.[2] The largest tuff ring in the field is Onewhero maar which is 2.7 km (1.7 mi) in diameter and was formed 880,000 years ago.[3] The field can be divided into three broad geographic areas: the north-eastern section, which consists of eroded remnants of lava flows and scoria cones, some of which are found in the south-western Hunua Ranges, the southern section to the south of the Waikato River, which features many of the more recent and better preserved scoria cones, and the central section, which forms much of the low-lying land of the Pukekohe area, between the Manukau Harbour and Waikato River.[4]

Context

Relations to other volcanic activity

Other basaltic volcanic fields that are also now thought to represent intraplate volcanism active in the Pleistocene are adjacent from the south in a more recent to the north trend.[5] As already mentioned the younger Auckland volcanic field is to its immediate north.[5] To the south west is the older Ngatutura volcanic field which was active between 1,830,000 and 1,540,000 years ago and these locations fit with the south north trend being related to the opening of the Hauraki Rift in the Miocene or fracturing of the lithosphere.[6] Further south is the Alexandra Volcanic Group. To its west, are the even older volcanoes associated with the Northland-Mohakatino volcanic belt (Mohakatino Volcanic Arc) which are of a subduction-related origin[1] but which include the still active Mount Taranaki at the southern end of this belt. To the south and east, visible on the horizon from the Bombay Hills are back arc volcanoes. These include the volcanoes of the Taupō Volcanic Zone to the south which have now been continuously active for over 2 million years. This was also the time that activity ceased in the extinct volcanoes of the Coromandel Peninsula in the Coromandel Volcanic Zone to the east.

Tectonics

Many of the volcanoes are related to known fault structures as shown on a map on this page. The Auckland region lies within the Australian Plate, about 400 kilometres (250 mi) west of its plate boundary with the Pacific Plate.[7] The volcanoes are located south of the Auckland volcanic field which is also part of what has been termed the Auckland Volcanic Province. The structure of the Auckland regional faults and the resulting fault blocks is complex but like the volcanic field their locations can be postulated to be related to gravitational variations and where the Stokes Magnetic Anomaly passes through this section of the North Island.[7][8]

A north south line of central volcanoes is orientated along the Drury Fault. These extend from Papakura through and beyound the Bombay Hills. While the western margin of the belt is defined by the north-south Wairoa North Fault the eastern margins have at least three east-west fault lines. The unnamed most northern of these was presumably followed by the basaltic extrusion that extended all the way to the Morley Road tuff rings. The volcanoes along the lines of the Waiuku Fault and to the south the Waikato Fault that is also followed by the mouth of the Waikato River suggest that there has been strong volcano-tectonic relationships during the fields historic eruption activity.

Identification

The volcanic nature of the Tuakau and Pukekohe areas was first identified by Ferdinand von Hochstetter in 1859, however the first volcanic cones only began to be identified in the mid-20th century.[4]

List of volcanoes

Volcanoes Age (thousand years) Height Location (Coordinates) Refs Images
Aka Aka Tuff Ring (Kawaka) 38 metres (125 ft) 37°18′00″S 174°47′28″E / 37.300063°S 174.791018°E / -37.300063; 174.791018 [3][9]
Ararimu 234 metres (768 ft) 37°07′41″S 175°02′22″E / 37.127977°S 175.039323°E / -37.127977; 175.039323 [3][10]
Bald Hill Tuff Rings 147 metres (482 ft) 37°13′55″S 174°48′09″E / 37.232076°S 174.802456°E / -37.232076; 174.802456 [3][11]
Ballards Road 215 metres (705 ft) 37°13′28″S 174°48′14″E / 37.224438°S 174.803753°E / -37.224438; 174.803753 [3][12]
Barriball Road Cone 1,000 ka 109 metres (358 ft) 37°13′29″S 174°48′15″E / 37.224691°S 174.804062°E / -37.224691; 174.804062 [3][11]
Beaver Road Vent 172 metres (564 ft) 37°12′45″S 174°59′38″E / 37.212489°S 174.993759°E / -37.212489; 174.993759 [3][13]
Bellemys 235 metres (771 ft) 37°07′39″S 175°01′12″E / 37.127475°S 175.019926°E / -37.127475; 175.019926 [3][12]
Belle Fleur 172 metres (564 ft) 37°12′39″S 175°00′11″E / 37.210712°S 175.003093°E / -37.210712; 175.003093 [3][13]
Bluff Road Vent 140 metres (460 ft) 37°15′34″S 175°00′44″E / 37.259477°S 175.012179°E / -37.259477; 175.012179 [3][14]
Background landscape near Bluff Road Vent, south of the Synlait factory, Pōkeno
Bombay Cones 600 ka 331 metres (1,086 ft) 37°11′14″S 175°00′13″E / 37.187134°S 175.003491°E / -37.187134; 175.003491 [3][13]
The Bombay Cones are in the center of this view from Mount Puketutu towards the northwest.
Buckland Vent 59 metres (194 ft) 37°13′47″S 174°57′04″E / 37.229689°S 174.951236°E / -37.229689; 174.951236 [3][15]
Dominion Road Tuff Ring 109 metres (358 ft) 37°15′20″S 174°58′59″E / 37.255434°S 174.983169°E / -37.255434; 174.983169 [3][16]
Douglas Road Vent (Pollock Rd shield volcano) 100 metres (330 ft) 37°13′06″S 174°52′05″E / 37.218403°S 174.867973°E / -37.218403; 174.867973 [3][17]
Drury Hills 246 metres (807 ft) 37°06′50″S 174°59′33″E / 37.114020°S 174.992493°E / -37.114020; 174.992493 [3][12]
Elbow Tuff Rings 27 metres (89 ft) 37°17′04″S 174°49′52″E / 37.284566°S 174.830979°E / -37.284566; 174.830979 [3][18]
Fitzgerald Road Vent 40 metres (130 ft) 37°06′47″S 174°57′59″E / 37.113094°S 174.966521°E / -37.113094; 174.966521 [3][12]
Glass Cone and Kellyville Tuff Ring 1,480 ka 111 metres (364 ft) 37°16′30″S 175°03′19″E / 37.275108°S 175.055291°E / -37.275108; 175.055291 [3][19]
Helenslee Road Tuff Ring 116 metres (381 ft) 37°14′19″S 175°00′09″E / 37.238645°S 175.002524°E / -37.238645; 175.002524 [3][14]
Helvetia Tuff Ring 37°11′35″S 174°52′23″E / 37.193°S 174.873°E / -37.193; 174.873 [4]
Hill Road Tuff Ring 3 metres (9.8 ft) 37°15′35″S 174°49′29″E / 37.259763°S 174.824803°E / -37.259763; 174.824803 [3][18]
Hunua Falls 37°04′06″S 175°05′24″E / 37.068465°S 175.089933°E / -37.068465; 175.089933 [2][20]
Hunua Falls volcano is to the west (left) of the waterfall in this picture
Ingram Road Tuff Rings 80 metres (260 ft) 37°10′03″S 174°57′49″E / 37.167623°S 174.963546°E / -37.167623; 174.963546 [3][21]
Jerico Road Vent 148 metres (486 ft) 37°12′02″S 174°57′24″E / 37.200509°S 174.956651°E / -37.200509; 174.956651 [3][13]
Kauri Road Vent 251 metres (823 ft) 37°20′49″S 174°54′14″E / 37.346941°S 174.903813°E / -37.346941; 174.903813 [3][22]
Klondike Cone 251 metres (823 ft) 37°20′18″S 174°54′32″E / 37.338347°S 174.908968°E / -37.338347; 174.908968 [3][22]
Mangatawhiri Cone 42 metres (138 ft) 37°11′48″S 175°05′53″E / 37.196538°S 175.098003°E / -37.196538; 175.098003 [3][23]
Mangatawhiri Tuff Ring 42 metres (138 ft) 37°12′35″S 175°05′24″E / 37.209678°S 175.089867°E / -37.209678; 175.089867 [3][23]
Mauku Vent 97 metres (318 ft) 37°12′01″S 174°50′10″E / 37.200256°S 174.836130°E / -37.200256; 174.836130 [3][17]
Maxted Road Cone 80 metres (260 ft) 37°09′39″S 174°59′58″E / 37.160775°S 174.9995420°E / -37.160775; 174.9995420 [3][21]
Mile Bush Hill 226 metres (741 ft) 37°19′08″S 174°59′37″E / 37.318996°S 174.993556°E / -37.318996; 174.993556 [3][24]
Morely Road Tuff Rings 147 metres (482 ft) 37°13′17″S 174°46′34″E / 37.221467°S 174.776110°E / -37.221467; 174.776110 [3][11]
Mount Calm 236 metres (774 ft) 37°05′07″S 175°00′26″E / 37.085180°S 175.007218°E / -37.085180; 175.007218 [3][25]
Onepoto (not to be confused with volcano of same name in Auckland volcanic field) 129 metres (423 ft) 37°17′20″S 174°53′06″E / 37.288833°S 174.884917°E / -37.288833; 174.884917 [2][26]
Onewhero Maar and Tuff Ring 880 ka 194 metres (636 ft) 37°19′10″S 174°54′05″E / 37.319393°S 174.901320°E / -37.319393; 174.901320 [3][27]
Otau 212 metres (696 ft) 37°07′22″S 175°05′54″E / 37.122826°S 175.098353°E / -37.122826; 175.098353 [3][10]
Paerata Tuff Ring North 37°09′29″S 174°54′29″E / 37.158°S 174.908°E / -37.158; 174.908 [4]
Paerata Tuff Ring South 37°10′01″S 174°55′12″E / 37.167°S 174.920°E / -37.167; 174.920 [4]
Pakau Stream Vent 16 metres (52 ft) 37°20′23″S 174°47′03″E / 37.339775°S 174.784045°E / -37.339775; 174.784045 [3][28]
Paparata Cone 319 metres (1,047 ft) 37°10′50″S 175°03′44″E / 37.180618°S 175.062109°E / -37.180618; 175.062109 [3][23]
Parker Lane Tuff Ring 10 metres (33 ft) 37°15′19″S 174°53′47″E / 37.255202°S 174.896489°E / -37.255202; 174.896489 [3][18]
Peach Hill 144 metres (472 ft) 37°08′16″S 174°59′19″E / 37.137893°S 174.988631°E / -37.137893; 174.988631 [3][21]
Pinnacle Hill 252 metres (827 ft) 37°11′53″S 175°02′56″E / 37.198°S 175.049°E / -37.198; 175.049 [3][29]
Pinnacle Hill Road Cone 2 230 metres (750 ft) 37°11′27″S 175°03′06″E / 37.190920°S 175.051774°E / -37.190920; 175.051774 [3][29]
Pinnacle Hill Road Cone 3 290 metres (950 ft) 37°10′59″S 175°02′55″E / 37.183158°S 175.048511°E / -37.183158; 175.048511 [3][29]
Pōkeno Cone 230 metres (750 ft) 37°13′08″S 175°01′06″E / 37.21895°S 175.018420°E / -37.21895; 175.018420 [3][30]
Pōkeno West Tuff Ring 111 metres (364 ft) 37°15′07″S 175°01′54″E / 37.252038°S 175.031749°E / -37.252038; 175.031749 [3][14]
Ponga Road 292 metres (958 ft) 37°05′58″S 174°59′50″E / 37.099463°S 174.997315°E / -37.099463; 174.997315 [3][25]
Pukekawa 277 metres (909 ft) 37°20′06″S 174°58′55″E / 37.335067°S 174.982017°E / -37.335067; 174.982017 [2][24]
Pukekawa Tuff Ring 114 metres (374 ft) 37°18′20″S 174°58′45″E / 37.305464°S 174.979248°E / -37.305464; 174.979248 [3][24]
Pukekiwiriki (Red Hill) - not to be confused with Pukewairiki 210 metres (690 ft) 37°03′50″S 175°00′01″E / 37.064002°S 175.000366°E / -37.064002; 175.000366 [2][25]
Pukekohe North Tuff Ring 37°10′34″S 174°54′07″E / 37.176°S 174.902°E / -37.176; 174.902 [4]
Pukekohe East Explosion Crater 680 ka 37°11′31″S 174°56′31″E / 37.192°S 174.942°E / -37.192; 174.942 [4]
Pukekohe East 147 metres (482 ft) 37°11′33″S 174°56′33″E / 37.192402°S 174.9426098°E / -37.192402; 174.9426098 [3][15]
Pukekohe Hill 550 ka 222 metres (728 ft) 37°13′44″S 174°53′36″E / 37.228917°S 174.893246°E / -37.228917; 174.893246 [2][31]
Pukekohe Hill in about 1912
Puketutu 379 metres (1,243 ft) 37°11′43″S 175°01′20″E / 37.195386°S 175.022268°E / -37.195386; 175.022268 [2][32]
Pukeotahinga 301 metres (988 ft) 37°20′09″S 174°51′32″E / 37.335701°S 174.858921°E / -37.335701; 174.858921 [2][33]
Puni Domain Shield Volcano 37°13′48″S 174°52′19″E / 37.230°S 174.872°E / -37.230; 174.872 [4]
Rangipokia Tuff Ring 10 metres (33 ft) 37°15′18″S 174°52′42″E / 37.255031°S 174.878358°E / -37.255031; 174.878358 [3][18]
Raventhorne Maar 80 metres (260 ft) 37°10′05″S 174°58′42″E / 37.167953°S 174.978282°E / -37.167953; 174.978282 [3][21]
Razor Back Road Cone 172 metres (564 ft) 37°11′52″S 174°59′58″E / 37.197782°S 174.999437°E / -37.197782; 174.999437 [3][13]
Red Crater 59 metres (194 ft) 37°13′01″S 174°56′49″E / 37.217003°S 174.946902°E / -37.217003; 174.946902 [3][15]
Ridge Road Tuff Ring 116 metres (381 ft) 37°13′33″S 174°59′23″E / 37.225879°S 174.989692°E / -37.225879; 174.989692 [3][14]
River View Road Vent 130 metres (430 ft) 37°15′09″S 174°51′00″E / 37.252486°S 174.850079°E / -37.252486; 174.850079 [3][18]
Roberts Road Vent 110 metres (360 ft) 37°17′20″S 174°57′17″E / 37.288912°S 174.954860°E / -37.288912; 174.954860 [3][34]
Rooseville Tuff Ring North 37°11′31″S 174°55′01″E / 37.192°S 174.917°E / -37.192; 174.917 [4]
Rooseville Tuff Ring South 37°11′56″S 174°55′34″E / 37.199°S 174.926°E / -37.199; 174.926 [4]
Rasumussen Road Tuff Ring 60 metres (200 ft) 37°14′44″S 174°47′43″E / 37.245683°S 174.795200°E / -37.245683; 174.795200 [3][11]
Rutherford Road Cone 172 metres (564 ft) 37°11′22″S 174°57′33″E / 37.189554°S 174.959220°E / -37.189554; 174.959220 [3][13]
Serpell Road Cone 230 metres (750 ft) 37°13′42″S 175°03′16″E / 37.228208°S 175.054377°E / -37.228208; 175.054377 [3][30]
Smeeds 186 metres (610 ft) 37°18′16″S 174°59′18″E / 37.304488°S 174.988195°E / -37.304488; 174.988195 [3][34]
Smeeds Quarry Road (Tuff Ring) 10 metres (33 ft) 37°17′09″S 174°59′11″E / 37.285771°S 174.986278°E / -37.285771; 174.986278 [3][34]
Sommerville Road Cone 100 metres (330 ft) 37°12′49″S 174°47′30″E / 37.213628°S 174.791774°E / -37.213628; 174.791774 [3][11]
Station Road Tuff Ring 54 metres (177 ft) 37°12′44″S 174°48′00″E / 37.212282°S 174.799945°E / -37.212282; 174.799945 [3][11]
Tauranganu 228 metres (748 ft) 37°20′32″S 174°48′34″E / 37.342163°S 174.809535°E / -37.342163; 174.809535 [3][28]
Te Kohanga Tuff Ring 37°18′35″S 174°50′04″E / 37.309673°S 174.834508°E / -37.309673; 174.834508 [3]
Tikorangi 122 metres (400 ft) 37°18′28″S 174°50′59″E / 37.30785°S 174.849652°E / -37.30785; 174.849652 [2][35]
Totara 335 metres (1,099 ft) 37°09′42″S 175°01′21″E / 37.161564°S 175.022577°E / -37.161564; 175.022577 [3][10]
Tuakau Vent 122 metres (400 ft) 37°15′55″S 174°56′05″E / 37.265248°S 174.934825°E / -37.265248; 174.934825 [3][36]
Waiuku Vent 111 metres (364 ft) 37°15′08″S 174°46′11″E / 37.252192°S 174.769786°E / -37.252192; 174.769786 [3][37]
Waiuku Parastic Vent 45 metres (148 ft) 37°16′10″S 174°45′31″E / 37.269380°S 174.758521°E / -37.269380; 174.758521 [3][37]
Whangarata Vent 160 metres (520 ft) 37°16′36″S 174°58′21″E / 37.276726°S 174.972493°E / -37.276726; 174.972493 [3][16]
Map
Map of faults and Quaternary volcanoes in Auckland region. To show well the volcanoes in relation to fault lines you have to click on the map to enlarge and then zoom and pan. This also enables mouse over of the volcano and fault names. Definite active faults are shown in red. Well characterised inactive fault segments are in dark grey and other faults are shown in grey. A number of faults characterised by sea floor studies off the west coast of North Island are not shown. The type of volcanic eruption (some are composite) is indicated by basalt shield type eruption (black), scoria cone (red), or phreatomagmatic eruptions tuff ring (red-brown) and maar (purple). Volcanoes from both the Auckland volcanic field and South Auckland volcanic field are displayed. Miocene volcanoes are not shown.
Map
Map of selected volcanic features of the South Auckland volcanic field, allowing wider context. Clicking on the map enlarges it, and enables panning and mouseover of volcano name/wikilink and ages before present. The type of volcanic eruption (some are composite) is indicated by basalt shield type eruption (black), scoria cone (red), or phreatomagmatic eruptions tuff ring (red-brown) and maar (purple). Dark brown shows basalt lava and deposit fields.[3] The key to the other volcanics that are shown with panning is basalt - brown, monogenetic basalts - dark brown, undifferentiated basalts of the Tangihua Complex in Northland Allochthon - light brown, arc basalts - deep orange brown, arc ring basalts -orange brown, dacite - purple, andesite - red, basaltic andesite`- light red), rhyolite - violet, ignimbrite (lighter shades of violet), and plutonic - gray.

References

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  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo Nemeth, Karoly; Kereszturi, Gabor; Agustín-Flores, Javier; Briggs, Roger Michael (2012). "Field Guide Monogenetic volcanism of the South Auckland and Auckland Volcanic Fields". Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Hayward, Bruce W (2015). "Helvetia Volcano–A Newly Recognised Tuff Ring and Maar In The South Auckland Volcanic Field". Auckland GeoClub Magazine (12).
  5. ^ a b Briggs, R. M.; Itaya, T.; Lowe, D. J.; Keane, A. J. (1989). "Ages of the Pliocene-Pleistocene Alexandra and Ngatatura Volcanics, western North Island, New Zealand, and some geological implications". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 32 (4): 417–427. doi:10.1080/00288306.1989.10427549. hdl:10289/5260.
  6. ^ Le Corvec, Nicolas; Bebbington, Mark S.; Lindsay, Jan M.; McGee, Lucy E. (2013). "Age, distance, and geochemical evolution within a monogenetic volcanic field: Analyzing patterns in the Auckland Volcanic Field eruption sequence". Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 14 (9): 3648–3665. doi:10.1002/ggge.20223. S2CID 130368256.
  7. ^ a b Kenny, A; Lindsay, JM; Howe, TM (2012). "Post-Miocene faults in Auckland:insights from borehole and topographic analysis". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 55 (4): 323–343. doi:10.1080/00288306.2012.706618. S2CID 128945408.
  8. ^ Stewart, John R. "GSNZ Conference 26 November 2015: Auckland's buried faults and their influence on its geology" (PDF). Retrieved 12 November 2022.
  9. ^ "Kawaka". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  10. ^ a b c "Ararimu". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  11. ^ a b c d e f "Pukeoware". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  12. ^ a b c d "Drury". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  13. ^ a b c d e f "Bombay". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  14. ^ a b c d "Pōkeno". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  15. ^ a b c "Buckland". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  16. ^ a b "Whangarata". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  17. ^ a b "Mauku". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  18. ^ a b c d e "Elbow Hill". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  19. ^ "Kellyville". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  20. ^ "Hunua Falls". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  21. ^ a b c d "Runciman". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  22. ^ a b "Onewhero". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  23. ^ a b c "Mangatawhiri". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  24. ^ a b c "Pukekawa". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  25. ^ a b c "Pukekiwiriki". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  26. ^ "Onepoto". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  27. ^ "Onewhero". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  28. ^ a b "Tauranganu". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  29. ^ a b c "Pinnacle Hill". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  30. ^ a b "Mount William". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  31. ^ "Pukekohe Hill". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  32. ^ "Puketutu". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  33. ^ "Pukeotahinga". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  34. ^ a b c "Opuawhanga". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  35. ^ "Tikorangi Hill". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  36. ^ "Tuakau". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  37. ^ a b "Waiuku". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 6 November 2022.

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Cica-daun dahi-emas

Cica-daun dahi-emas Status konservasi Terancam (IUCN 3.1)[1] Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Chordata Kelas: Aves Ordo: Passeriformes Famili: Chloropseidae Genus: Chloropsis Spesies: C. aurifrons Nama binomial Chloropsis aurifronsTemminck, 1829 Subspesies Lihat teks Cica-daun dahi-emas (Chloropsis aurifrons) adalah spesies burung dalam famili Chloropseidae. Penyebaran dan subspesies Burung ini tersebar di India, China barat daya, Asia Tenggara (kecuali Semenanj...

 

Pusar kepala

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Desember 2022. Artikel atau sebagian dari artikel ini mungkin diterjemahkan dari Hair whorl di en.wikipedia.org. Isinya masih belum akurat, karena bagian yang diterjemahkan masih perlu diperhalus dan disempurnakan. Jika Anda menguasai bahasa aslinya, harap pertimban...

 

MySQL

Artikel ini bukan mengenai Microsoft SQL Server. MySQL Logo MySQLTipeSistem manajemen basis data relasional, perangkat lunak sumber terbuka, server software (en) dan perangkat lunak bebas Versi pertama23 May 1995 (23 May 1995)Versi stabil 8.3.0 (16 Januari 2024) 8.0.36 (16 Januari 2024) GenreRDBMSLisensiGPL atau Lisensi KomersialEponimMy Widenius (en) Karakteristik teknisSistem operasiLinux, Microsoft Windows, macOS, FreeBSD, Oracle Solaris dan mirip Unix Platformx86_64, IA-32 (en), A64 ...

The Vladimir Putin Interview

The Vladimir Putin InterviewEpisode The Tucker Carlson InterviewNomor episodeEpisode 74Tanggal siar8 Februari 2024 (2024-02-08)Bintang tamu Vladimir Putin The Vladimir Putin Interview adalah wawancara televisi yang dipandu oleh jurnalis dan komentator politik Amerika Serikat, Tucker Carlson, dengan Presiden Rusia Vladimir Putin. Tayang perdana pada 8 Februari 2024, di Tucker Carlson Network dan situs web media sosial X (Twitter). Ini adalah wawancara pertama dengan Putin yang diberikan k...

 

World on Fire (Sarah McLachlan song)

Single by Sarah McLachlan World on FireSingle by Sarah McLachlanfrom the album Afterglow ReleasedJune 14, 2004 (2004-06-14)GenrePopLabel Nettwerk Arista Songwriter(s) Sarah McLachlan Pierre Marchand Producer(s)Pierre MarchandSarah McLachlan singles chronology Stupid (2004) World on Fire (2004) U Want Me 2 (2008) World on Fire is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Sarah McLachlan. It was released in June 2004 as the third single from her Afterglow album (2003). Background and ...

 

Liver cancer

Medical conditionLiver cancerOther namesHepatic cancer, primary hepatic malignancy, primary liver cancerCT scan of a liver with cholangiocarcinomaSpecialtyGastroenterology Hepatology OncologySymptomsLump or pain in the right side below the rib cage, swelling of the abdomen, yellowish skin, easy bruising, weight loss, weakness[1]Usual onset55 to 65 years old[2]Causeshepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcoholism, aflatoxin, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver flukes[3][4...

Lazzaroni (Naples)

Poorest of the lower class in Naples during the Age of Revolution Lazzari playing cards, 1824 Look up lazzarone in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. In the Age of Revolution, the Lazzaroni (or Lazzari) of Naples were the poorest of the lower class (Italian lazzaroni or lazzari, singular: lazzarone) in the city and Kingdom of Naples (in present-day Italy). Described as street people under a chief, they were often depicted as beggars—which some actually were, while others subsisted partly by s...

 

Oséas

Oséas Nazionalità  Brasile Altezza 186[1] cm Peso 89[1] kg Calcio Ruolo Attaccante Termine carriera 2005 Carriera Squadre di club1 1990-1992 Galícia? (?)1993-1994 Pontevedra? (?)1994-1995 Uberlândia7+ (7)[2]1995-1997 Atlético Paranaense29+ (22)1997-1999 Palmeiras62 (24)2000 Santos0 (0)2000-2002 Cruzeiro48 (16)2002-2004 Vissel Kōbe44 (19)2004 Internacional8 (0)2004 Albirex Niigata12 (4)2005 Brasiliense19...

 

Венценосный журавль

Венценосный журавль Венценосный журавль в Берлинском зоопарке Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:Четве�...

Thorsten Kinhöfer

German football referee This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Thorsten Kinhöfer – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this messag...

 

Fontia

FontiafrazioneFontia – VedutaVeduta del borgo di Fontia LocalizzazioneStato Italia Regione Toscana Provincia Massa-Carrara Comune Carrara TerritorioCoordinate44°05′15″N 10°09′17″E / 44.0875°N 10.154722°E44.0875; 10.154722 (Fontia)Coordinate: 44°05′15″N 10°09′17″E / 44.0875°N 10.154722°E44.0875; 10.154722 (Fontia) Altitudine330 m s.l.m. Superficie0,06[2] km² Abitanti206[3] (2011) Den...

 

Snowdonia

Mountainous region and national park in north Wales SnowdoniaEryri (Welsh)View of Llyn Cwellyn from the Snowdon Ranger pathHighest pointPeakSnowdonElevation1,085 m (3,560 ft)Coordinates53°4′6.59″N 4°4′34.43″W / 53.0684972°N 4.0762306°W / 53.0684972; -4.0762306 (Snowdon)DimensionsArea2,130 km2 (820 sq mi)(national park)GeographyRelief map of Snowdonia, within the national park boundaries LocationNorth WalesCountryWa...

Reach plc

British newspaper and magazine publisher Mirror Group redirects here. Not to be confused with Mirror (group). Reach plcCompany typePublic limited companyTraded asLSE: RCHIndustryPublishingFounded1903; 121 years ago (1903)HeadquartersOne Canada SquareLondon, England, UK[1]Key peopleNicholas Prettejohn (Chairman of the board)Jim Mullen (CEO)ProductsNational and regional newspapers, magazines(see list of titles)Revenue £568.6 million (2023)[2]Operating inc...

 

Atlantic City International Airport

Commercial airport in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States For the military use of this facility, see Atlantic City Air National Guard Base. For the defunct municipal airport, see Bader Field. Atlantic City International AirportIATA: ACYICAO: KACYFAA LID: ACYWMO: 72407SummaryAirport typePublicOwnerSouth Jersey Transportation Authority (SJTA)OperatorPort Authority of New York and New Jersey & SJTAServesAtlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.LocationEgg Harbor Township, New Jersey, U.S.Focus ...

 

Films and television shows produced in Wilmington, North Carolina

EUE/Screen Gems Studios (now Cinespace Wilmington) in November 2022 Film and television shot/produced in Wilmington, North Carolina, are usually independent and/or low-budget films, mainly due to Wilmington being relatively more affordable than other cities to film in. Other reasons for Wilmington's appeal include its local university (UNCW), its location on the coast, the presence of many historic buildings/sites, and vast swamps and waterways outside of Wilmington.[1] It has remain...

WGTZ

Radio station in Eaton, Ohio WGTZEaton, OhioBroadcast areaDayton, OhioFrequency92.9 MHzBranding92-9 Jack FMProgrammingFormatAdult hitsAffiliationsJack FM networkOhio State Sports NetworkOwnershipOwnerAlpha Media(Alpha Media Licensee LLC)Sister stationsWDHT, WING, WCLI-FM, WROU-FMHistoryFirst air dateNovember 28, 1960; 63 years ago (1960-11-28) (as WCTM-FM)Former call signsWCTM-FM (1959–1972)WJAI (1972–1984)Call sign meaningW Great Trails' Z-93! (former branding)Technical...

 

Tiengemeten

Statistical area in South Holland, NetherlandsTiengemetenStatistical areaThe former hamlet (dark red) and the statistical district (light green) of Tiengemeten in the former municipality of Korendijk.Coordinates: 51°44′N 4°19′E / 51.733°N 4.317°E / 51.733; 4.317CountryNetherlandsProvinceSouth HollandMunicipalityHoeksche WaardPopulation (January 1, 2005) • Total10Time zoneUTC+1 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST) Tiengemeten is an islan...

 

George Kephart

American slave trader (1811–1888) George KephartPartial manifest of the Brig Angora, sailing in 1841 (New-York Historical Society Slavery Collection)Born(1811-02-07)February 7, 1811Maryland, U.S.DiedAugust 26, 1888(1888-08-26) (aged 77)Maryland, U.S.Other namesGeo. KephartOccupation(s)American slave trader, landlord George Kephart (February 7, 1811 – August 26, 1888) was a 19th-century American slave trader, land owner, farmer, and philanthropist. A native of Maryla...

Vistula–Oder offensive

1945 invasion of Nazi-occupied territory by the Red Army during WWII Vistula–Oder offensivePart of the Eastern Front of World War IISoviet troops enter Łódź, led by an ISU-122 self-propelled gunDate12 January – 2 February 1945LocationPoland and Eastern GermanyResult Soviet victory Liberation of Auschwitz and other Nazi concentration camps Disintegration of the General GovernmentTerritorialchanges Soviet and Polish troops advanced into most of the pre-war Polish territoryBelligerents Ge...

 

Kenneth Davidson (mathematician)

Canadian mathematician Kenneth Davidson Kenneth Ralph Davidson (born 1951 in Edmonton, Alberta)[1] is Professor of Pure Mathematics at the University of Waterloo. He did his undergraduate work at Waterloo and received his Ph.D. under the supervision of William Arveson at the University of California, Berkeley in 1976. Davidson was Director of the Fields Institute from 2001 to 2004. His areas of research include operator theory and C*-algebras. Since 2007 he has been appointed Universi...