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Song
	Song character in ancient script on top, modern script at bottom
Pronunciation	Sòng (Mandarin)
Language(s)	chinese
Other names
Variant form(s)	Sung, Soong, Tống

Song is the pinyin transliteration of the Chinese family name 宋. It is transliterated as Sung in Wade-Giles, and Soong is also a common transliteration. In addition to being a common surname, it is also the name of a Chinese dynasty, the Song dynasty, written with the same character.

In 2019, it was the 24th most common surname in Mainland China.

Historical origin

The first written record of the character 宋 (Sòng) was found on the oracle bones of the Shang dynasty.

State of Song

In the written records of Chinese history, the first time the character Song was used as a surname appeared in the early stage of the Zhou dynasty. One of the children of the last emperor of the Shang dynasty, Weizi Qi (微子启), was a duke from the state named Song, who descended from his ancestor Xie (契) whose name was derived from the surname Zi (子). Xie was born from Jiandi from the swallow from the blackbird egg, who came from Yousong (有娀), the legendary state.^[1] The State of Song, Song's dominion, became part of the Zhou dynasty after the fall of the Shang dynasty, and was inherited from the dynasty formally in 11th century BC. Citizens of the former State of Song commemorated the overthrow of their state in 286 BC by the State of Qi owned by Tian, who began to use the character Song as their surname, which is the authentic branch.^[2]

From the Taiping Guangji, The Duke Jing of Song assigned the surname Song to a savage, who was named Ziwei (子韦), in charge of astronomy as Fangshi, whose alias was Sixing (司星).

Song dynasty

Emperor Huizong of Song's officer changed his name to Song, using the dynasty name as a family name, which was the imperial clan branch of the Song dynasty.^[3]
Charlie Soong changed his family name from Han to Soon, then Soong, which was one of the accepted English spellings of the dynasty name Song, the dynasty from the tenth to the thirteenth century in China.^[4]^[5]

Others

A branch of Miao people located in Guizhou announced that they are descendants of State of Song. Historically called Songjia (宋家), known as Chiefdom of Shuidong afterwards, there was a sub-branch that merged in Luodian Kingdom as Yi-speaking people.^[6]

A clan of Xiqiang (西羌) people submitted to Northern Wei dynasty during the Northern and Southern dynasties period in the year AD 518 using that surname.^[2] Previously, there was a person called Song Jian (宋建) from Fuhan, who was one of the leaders of Liang Province rebellion who belonged to the Qiang tribes.

There is a family clan originally located in Pingyang called Dashila (答失剌) who have used this character since the Ming dynasty.^[2]

Moreover, the surname branched off into a clan derived from an ancestor named Temuer or Timur (帖木儿) with the grant of a seal who used the character since Ming dynasty. From the history records, it may refer to Knight of Fenyang, who is the descendant of Godan Khan.^[2]

Blood type distribution

Population of surname Song's ABO blood type distribution is O blood type 31.3%, B blood type 30.6%, A blood type 28.4% and AB blood type 9.7%.^[7]

Variations

A less common Chinese family name, Chóng (崇) can also be transliterated to Soong in some Chinese dialects.

The surname Song is also used in Korea.

In Vietnam, the surname is pronounced as Tống.

Notable people

Historical figures

Song Wuji, Zhou dynasty fangshi of Fangxian Tao in State of Yan
Song Yu, Zhou dynasty poet
Song Yi, died 207 BC, minister of Chu
Empress Song (Han dynasty), Han dynasty empress
Song Qian, Eastern Wu military officer in the Three Kingdoms era
Song Hun, d. 361, regent of the Chinese state Former Liang during the Sixteen Kingdoms era
Song Bian, Northern Wei official, during the Northern and Southern dynasties period
Song Zhiwen, b. 656, early Tang dynasty poet
Song Jingang, d. 620, one of leaders of popular uprising during the late Sui dynasty
Song Jing, b. 663, Tang dynasty chancellor
Song Shenxi, d. 833, Tang dynasty chancellor
Song Wentong, b. 856, Tang dynasty warlord, changed surname to Li since 886
Song Jingyang, b.911, local chief administrative officer became Tusi chieftain of Chiefdom of Shuidong
Empress Song (Song dynasty), b. 952, entitled Empress Xiaozhang during the early Song dynasty
Song Shou, b. 991, Song dynasty assistant administer of political affairs
Song Di, b. ca. 1015, Song dynasty scholar-official and artist
Song Ci, b. 1186, Song dynasty writer of Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified
Song Zhun, Song dynasty scholar
Song Lian, b. 1310, Ming dynasty historian
Song Maojin, b. 1368, Ming dynasty landscape painter
Song Xu, b. 1525, Ming dynasty landscape painter
Song Maocheng, b. 1570, Ming dynasty writer, changed surname from Zhao family clan
Song Yingxing, b. 1587, Ming dynasty scientist and encyclopedist
Song Wan, b. 1614, Qing dynasty Chinese poet and government official

Song Aimin, b. 1978, discus thrower
Song Andong, b. 1997, first Chinese-born ice hockey player ever drafted by an NHL pro team (2015)
Anna Song, b. 1976, Taiwanese American journalist
Song Dan, b. 1990, female Chinese javelin thrower
Song Dandan, b. 1961, actress
Song Defu (politician), b. 1946, Communist Party politician
Devon Song, b. 1980, Taiwanese singer-songwriter
Song Hongjuan, b. 1984, Chinese race walker
Jeannette Song, Chinese and American management scientist
Song Jian, b. 1931, aerospace engineer, demographer, and politician
Song Jiaoren, b. 1882, President of the Kuomintang
Song Lianyong, b. 1965, football player from Hong Kong
Song Ligang, b. 1967, Chinese basketball player
Song Lun, b. 1981, figure skater
Song Nan, b. 1990, figure skater
Sir Song Ong Siang, b. 1871, Singaporean lawyer and Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Song Ping, b. 1917, Communist Party official
Song Qian b. 1987, leader of the female South Korean group f(x)
Song Qiyun (1904–1949), Chinese Communist Party member executed by the Kuomintang^[8]
Raymond Song, b. 1994, Taiwanese chess player
Song Renqiong, b. 1909, PLA general
Sarah Song, b. 1985, Miss Chinese International 2007
Song Shijie, b. 1873, Chinese revolutionary
Song Shi-Lun, b. 1899, PLA general
Song Tao, b. 1965, basketball player
Song Tao, b. 1955, diplomat and politician
Song Weilong, b. 1999, Chinese actor and model
Song Weiping, b. 1967, billionaire
Song Xi, b. 1920, former President of the Chinese Culture University
Song Xiaobo, b. 1958, female basketball player and coach
Song Yaxuan, b. 2004, Chinese singer and actor
Song Yuqi, b. 1999, dancer, singer, member of the South Korean group (G)I-DLE
Song Yuren, b. 1857, early period positive reformist philosopher
Song Zhenyu, b. 1981, football player
Song Zhenzhong (1941–1949), son of Song Qiyun, known as "Little Radish Head"^[8]
Song Zheyuan, b. 1885, Kuomintang general
Song Zude, b. 1968, entertainment manager
Song Zuying, b. 1966, ethnic Miao Chinese singer
Soong Ai-ling, b. 1890, wife of H. H. Kung
Soong Ching-ling, b. 1893, wife of Sun Yat Sen and Vice chairman of the People's Republic of China
Charlie Soong, b. 1863, missionary and businessman, several of whose children were highly influential in early 20th century China:
- children include (see, chronologically, below): Soong sisters (Soong Ai-ling, Soong Ching-ling and Soong Mei-ling), and their brother T. V. Soong
James Soong, b. 1942, Republic of China governor
Soong Mei-ling, b. 1897, wife of Chiang Kai-shek
T. V. Soong, b. 1894, businessman and Premier of the Republic of China
Sung Chia-Hao, b. 1992, Taiwanese baseball pitcher who plays with Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles
Sung Chi-li, b. 1948, Taiwanese religious leader
Sung Nien-yu, b. 1983, Taiwanese singer, songwriter, and record producer
Sung Yu-hsieh, b. 1956, former Minister of Research, Development and Evaluation Commission of the Republic of China
Xinyuan Song, Chinese statistician

Fictional characters

Song Jiang, major character in 14th century novel Water Margin, one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature
Song Ju, fictional character in Hit-Girl In Hong Kong
Song Qing younger brother of Song Jiang
Song Wan, fictional character in the Water Margin
Song Yiren, character featured within the famed Ming dynasty novel Investiture of the Gods
Song Yuanqiao, b. 1295, character in novel The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber by Jin Yong
Song Qingshu, son of Song Yuanqiao
Noonien Soong, The creator of the android Data in Star Trek
- Arik Soong, great-grandfather of Noonien Soong

References

^ Gopal Sukhu (2017). The Songs of Chu, An Anthology of Ancient Chinese Poetry by Qu Yuan and Others. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-231-54465-8.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d 徐铁生 (2017). 《百家姓》新解. 北京: 中华书局. pp. 303–304. ISBN 9787101125337.
^ Li Yueshen (2006). 松江府宋氏家族世系及文学成就概述. Journal of Zhejiang University.
^ Sterling Seagrave (1986). The Soong Dynasty. New York: Harper & Row, Publisher. pp. 23, 63. ISBN 0-06-091318-5.
^ Hannah Pakula (2009). The Last Empress, Madame Chiang Kai-shek and the Birth of Modern China. Simon & Schuster. pp. Chapter 1. ISBN 978-1-4391-4893-8.
^ Laura Hostetler (2001). Qing Colonial Enterprise: Ethnography and Cartography in Early Modern China. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. pp. 134–137. ISBN 0-226-35420-2.
^ 袁义达等 (2002). 中国姓氏：群体遗传和人口分布. 华东师范大学出版社. p. 96. ISBN 7-5617-2769-0.
^ ^a ^b Zhang Jingshu (张静姝) (24 May 2019). 宋绮云、徐林侠：革命伴侣共谱赞歌 [The Short but Brilliant Eight-Year Life of "Little Radish Head" Song Zhenzhong]. Beijing News (in Chinese). China News Service. Archived from the original on 15 October 2024. Retrieved 15 October 2024.

This page lists people with the surname Song.
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