Somalia–Somaliland border

Somaliland–Somalia border
British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland border by Anglo-Italian Boundary Commission, 1929–1930
Characteristics
Entities Somalia
 Somaliland
Length407 kilometers (253 mi)
History
Established1894
Current shape1929 (Somaliland's claim)
TreatiesSomaliland. Anglo-Italian Boundary Treaty.[1]

The Somalia–Somaliland border (Somali: Xuduuda Soomaaliya iyo Soomaaliland; Arabic: الحدود بين الصومال وصوماليلاند) is the disputed border between Somalia and the self-declared sovereign state of Somaliland.[2][3][4] It is an international border that separates two countries, while the Somali government and most other countries refer to it as the "Administrative Boundary Line". The government of Somaliland regards itself as the successor of the independent State of Somaliland, united in 1960 with the Trust Territory of Somaliland.[5]

History

Anglo-Italian Boundary Treaty era (1894 and 1960)

Somaliland–Somalia border in 1948

In May 1894, the border between Somaliland and Somalia was demarcated by the Anglo-Italian.[6][7][8] Officially implemented in 1929, it extends along longitude 49 (49E), from the Gulf of Aden to 9°N latitude, and then diagonally across the intersection of longitude 48 (48E) and 8N latitude. West along 8N latitude which is the beginning of the border between Somaliland and Ethiopia.[9]

The names of the villages that are close to the border:

  • A1 Hills (A1 Mado)
  • Bunda Ziada
  • Bosaso or Bender Casim (Italian)
  • Hegligab (Higle-Gab)
  • Sorl Hand
  • Darror
  • Hauratiroh
  • Marojeh
  • Khumberl (E1 Gumbuhul)
  • Hobat
  • Dugaan
  • E1 Dibr
  • Galweineh
  • Darado
  • Wareigleh

Restoration of sovereignty (1991)

Main articles: Somaliland War of Independence, Somaliland Declaration of Independence, and 2001 Somaliland constitutional referendum

After a long war of independence with the Siad Barre regime, in 1991, Somaliland regained sovereignty from Somali Democratic Republic,[10][11][12] which is not recognized by the Somali government.

According to the constitution voted for by the people of Somaliland, the border between Somaliland and Somalia is the border of the State of Somaliland which gained independence on May 26, 1960.[13]

Disputed territory

Main article: Puntland–Somaliland dispute
Somaliland map showing disputed territory:
   Under control of the Government of Somaliland
   Under control of the Puntland State of Somalia

The Puntland state disputes the Sool and Sanaag regions, as well as parts of Togdheer.

Historical maps

Historical maps of the border from north to south in the International Map of the World.

See also

References

  1. ^ Stafford, J. H.; Collenette, C. L. (1931). "The Anglo-Italian Somaliland Boundary". The Geographical Journal. 78 (2): 102–121. doi:10.2307/1784441. JSTOR 1784441.
  2. ^ https://africaoilcorp.com/site/assets/files/1267/2012_aif.pdf Archived 2021-07-14 at the Wayback Machine [bare URL PDF]
  3. ^ "Averting War in Northern Somalia". 27 June 2018.
  4. ^ "Puntland vows to reject outcome of FGS-Somaliland talks, wants new electoral law nullified". 30 June 2020.
  5. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, The New Encyclopædia Britannica, (Encyclopædia Britannica: 2002), p.835
  6. ^ https://jgs.lyellcollection.org/content/jgsleg/87/1-4/local/front-matter.pdf Archived 2021-07-14 at the Wayback Machine [bare URL PDF]
  7. ^ "Anglo-Italian Relations in the Middle East, 1922–1940". 13 September 0418.
  8. ^ Stafford, J. H.; Collenette, C. L. (1931). "The Anglo-Italian Somaliland Boundary". The Geographical Journal. 78 (2): 102–121. doi:10.2307/1784441. JSTOR 1784441.
  9. ^ "Somaliland Boundaries".
  10. ^ "Somaliland: 25 years as an unrecognised state".
  11. ^ "Somaliland | historical region, Africa".
  12. ^ "Somaliland: 30 Years of de Facto Statehood, and No End in Sight". 7 May 2021.
  13. ^ "Elections in Somaliland". africanelections.tripod.com. Retrieved 2020-06-20.