SolarCity

Not to be confused with Solar Cities in Australia or City Solar.

SolarCity Corporation
Company typePublic
Nasdaq: SCTY (2012–2016)
IndustrySolar energy generation
FoundedJuly 4, 2006; 18 years ago (2006-07-04)
FoundersLyndon and Peter Rive
DefunctNovember 21, 2016 (2016-11-21)
FateAcquired by Tesla, Inc.
SuccessorTesla Energy
Headquarters
Fremont, California
,
United States
Key people
Websitesolarcity.com (defunct)
Footnotes / references
[1]

SolarCity Corporation was a publicly traded company headquartered in Fremont, California, that sold and installed solar energy generation systems as well as other related products and services to residential, commercial, and industrial customers. The company was founded on July 4, 2006, by Peter and Lyndon Rive, the cousins of SpaceX and Tesla CEO Elon Musk. Tesla acquired SolarCity in 2016, at a cost of approximately US$2.6 billion (equivalent to $3.3 billion in 2023) and reorganized its solar business into Tesla Energy.

SolarCity heavily focused on door-to-door sales of leased systems, where customers would pay no upfront costs, but agreed to purchase the power generated by those panels from the company for 20 years. The business model became the most popular in the US and made the company the largest residential solar installer, but it caused SolarCity to have over $1.5 billion in debt by the time of its acquisition in 2016 (equivalent to $1.9 billion in 2023).

Prior to its acquisition by Tesla, the two companies had a co-marketing relationship, announced in the 2006 first Tesla master plan. Tesla CEO Elon Musk served as the chairman of SolarCity, SolarCity offered free charging to Tesla Roadster owners at its charging stations, and SolarCity became one of the first installers of the Tesla Powerwall home energy storage battery.

History

SolarCity was founded in 2006 by brothers Peter and Lyndon Rive,[2] based on a suggestion for a solar company concept by their cousin, Elon Musk, who was the chairman and helped start the company.[3] By 2009, solar panels it had installed were capable of generating 440 megawatts (MW) of power.[4][5]

In 2011, the company launched their expansion to the East Coast with the acquisition of the solar division of Clean Currents[6] and groSolar.[7] Following the acquisitions, SolarCity expanded operations on the East Coast and opened in Connecticut,[8] Pennsylvania,[9] South Carolina,[10] Florida,[11] Vermont,[12] and New Hampshire.[13]

In 2013, SolarCity was the leading residential solar installer in the U.S.[14] Solar Power World magazine listed it as the number two overall solar installation company in the U.S.[15] In 2013, SolarCity purchased Paramount Solar from Paramount Equity for $120 million.[16] By 2015, its installed panels were capable of generating 870 MW of solar power[17] and accounted for approximately 28% of non-utility solar installations in the U.S. that year.[4]

In October 2014, SolarCity announced it would be offering up to $200 million in solar bonds in its first registered public offering of bonds in the United States.[18] In March 2016, SpaceX bought $90 million of SolarCity stock.[19]

In net metering in Nevada case in late 2015, SolarCity withdrew from solar sales and installation in Nevada, following the decision by the state's Public Utilities Commission (PUC) to raise the monthly service charge for rooftop solar customers and progressively reduce the return on solar energy sold back into the grid under the net metering rule.[20] Under the new rules, the monthly service charge imposed on Nevada Power's rooftop solar-generating customers rose from $12.75 to $17.90 and was scheduled to rise to $38.51 by January 1, 2020; simultaneously, the rates given to rooftop solar generating customers for their surplus solar energy were also clawed back and were to continue to decline over the ensuing four years.[20] As a result, SolarCity eliminated more than 550 jobs in Nevada.[20]

Workforce reduction

SolarCity installation vehicles

During 2015, the number of employees had grown by 69%;[21] at the end of 2015, SolarCity had 15,273 employees. To preserve cash,[22] SolarCity eliminated 20% of its total workforce in 2016,[23] ending 2016 with 12,243 employees.[23] This was the first time in the company's history that it cut its workforce.[24]

The job cuts affected workers across the entire company:[23][21] 22% of jobs were cut in operations, installations, and manufacturing; and 27% in sales and marketing. In August 2016, the company announced that it planned to take up to $5 million in charges to cover its planned layoffs. The company also cut the salaries of its two co-founders from $275,000 to $1 per year.[25]

Acquisition by Tesla, Inc.

On August 1, 2016, Tesla announced that it would be acquiring the company in an all-stock $2.6 billion transaction as Tesla's mission since its inception has been "to accelerate the world's transition to sustainable energy."[26] As part of Elon Musk's "The Secret Tesla Motors Master Plan," Tesla sought to expedite the world's move from a mine-and-burn hydrocarbon economy towards a solar electric economy.[27] The proposal for acquisition was approved by antitrust regulators.[28][29]

More than 85% of unaffiliated shareholders (affiliated shareholders are those who hold executive positions at either company[30]) from Tesla and SolarCity voted to approve the acquisition on November 17, 2016,[31][32] allowing the acquisition to close on November 21, 2016.

Some investors criticized the deal, calling it "a misguided effort to rescue two companies that depend on investors and the government for operating cash."[33] In April 2022, a Delaware court ruled in favor of defendant Elon Musk in a shareholder lawsuit over Tesla's $2.6 billion acquisition of SolarCity. “[The] Tesla Board meaningfully vetted the Acquisition, and Elon did not stand in its way,” read the opinion by Vice Chancellor Joseph Slights. “Equally if not more important, the preponderance of the evidence reveals that Tesla paid a fair price—SolarCity was, at a minimum, worth what Tesla paid for it,” Slights added.[34][35] The court also noted that since the acquisition "Tesla’s value has massively increased".[36]

In April 2017, the chief policy officer of SolarCity, John Wellinghoff, left SolarCity.[37] In June 2017, Lyndon Rive left SolarCity,[38] and Peter Rive left shortly thereafter.[39] By 2019, Tesla's solar panel market share was falling, prompting the company to cut its sales force. Revenue from Tesla's energy generation and storage operations from January to September 2019 fell 7% from a year earlier to $1.1 billion.[40]

Products and services

Solar leasing

In 2008, SolarCity entered the solar leasing market with a new solar lease option for homeowners: leasing rooftop solar to customers who would pay no upfront costs. In exchange, customers paid for 20 years for power generated by those panels.[41] SolarCity's solar lease allowed some homeowners to pay less each month than they previously paid for electricity from the utility company.[42][43]

The "no-money-down solar" business model became the most popular in the U.S.[44] and increased installations, but it also added considerably to SolarCity's debt, accounting for about half of the company's over $3 billion debt in 2016.[45] The business model was also criticized by consumer advocates and government regulators.[46][47]

Commercial solar panels

In May 2008, SolarCity completed what was, at the time, the largest commercial solar installation in San Jose, California, at the North Campus of eBay. In July 2008, SolarCity completed what was, at the time, the largest commercial solar installation in San Francisco, California, consisting of 1,606 solar photovoltaic panels for British Motor Car Distributors.[48][49] SolarCity introduced additional financing options for businesses in 2009[50] and built multiple solar projects for other large organizations, including Walmart,[51][52] Intel,[53] and the U.S. military.[54] In 2013, the company established GivePower as a non-profit branch of its solar business, which is an independent enterprise.[55]

Installation technology

SolarCity used proprietary mounting hardware that "snaps together" on rooftops eliminating the need for rails and utilized skirts to hide the hardware and panel edges.[56][57][58] SolarCity acquired the mounting technology when it purchased Zep Solar in 2013. The "railless" system allowed installers to install solar panels on the roof more quickly than other installation approaches. Traditionally, solar panel installation had required workers to first outfit roofs with mounting rails and then attach solar panels to those rails. Tesla Energy continues to use the technology for its solar panel installations.

Energy efficiency evaluations and retrofits

In 2010, SolarCity acquired Building Solutions, a home energy audit firm and began to offer energy efficiency evaluations and upgrades.[59] SolarCity expanded its energy efficiency services to the East Coast and worked with Admiral's Bank of Boston in March 2012 to make a new loan available to finance energy efficiency improvements.[60][61]

Electric vehicle chargers

See also: Charging station

In 2009, SolarCity entered the electric car charging business by buying the SolSource Energy business of Clean Fuel Connections, Inc.[62] In 2011, SolarCity announced a partnership with Rabobank to make electric car charging available for free to owners of Tesla Roadster cars traveling on U.S. Route 101 in California between San Francisco and Los Angeles.[63] However, in 2012, Tesla independently started deploying their own Supercharger stations.

SolarStrong project

SolarStrong was SolarCity's five-year plan to build more than $1 billion in solar photovoltaic projects for privatized military housing communities across the United States. It was announced in late 2011.[64]

SolarStrong was carried out by SolarCity in cooperation with Lendlease involving 124 military bases in 33 states.[65][66][67] The financing included Bank of America Merrill Lynch, USRG Renewable Finance, and U.S. Bancorp.[65][68] It had a partial $344 million federal loan guarantee through the U.S. Department of Energy Financial Institution Partnership Program; however, the guarantee was withdrawn after the project implementation started.[65][68]

The project started in 2011 with development of the Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam in Hawaii, followed by Davis–Monthan Air Force Base in Arizona.[65][68] In 2012, the project continued with the Los Angeles Air Force Base in California, and Peterson Air Force Base, and Schriever Air Force Base in Colorado.[68][67]

Energy storage

Main article: Tesla Powerwall

In 2016, SolarCity ran a pilot project to test a grid backup resource by installing GridLogic software and 10-kilowatt-hour Tesla Powerwall battery packs in 500 California homes.[69][70][71] This concept was also tested in Vermont.[72]

Giga New York

Main article: Giga New York

In 2014, SolarCity announced plans to build a new manufacturing facility (now known as the Gigafactory 2) in Buffalo, New York, in coordination with the SUNY Polytechnic Institute, after acquiring Silevo, a maker of high-efficiency solar modules. The initial manufacturing complex would be a 1.2-million-square-foot (110,000 m2) facility that would cost $900 million and employ 1,500 workers in Buffalo and 5,000 statewide.[73] With a planned capacity of one gigawatt of solar panels annually by 2019, the new plant would be the largest solar plant in the U.S.[74] Groundbreaking for the project occurred in September 2014 with a target completion date of early 2016.[75]

The facility would be the largest of its kind in the Western Hemisphere.[76][77] Panasonic was to handle production at the Buffalo plant, investing $256 million.[78] Panasonic and SolarCity/Silevo were developing similar but somewhat different HIT-technology, and Panasonic hoped to use SolarCity's 6-inch (150 mm) wafers combining the two companies' technologies at an efficiency of 22%.[79][80] SolarCity expected demand to outstrip the Buffalo production of 10,000 solar panels per day and bought solar equipment from other manufacturers until more factories could be built.[81] SolarCity was required to spend $5 billion over the next decade on the facility and create more than 1,460 direct manufacturing jobs.[82]

In February 2016, CEO Lyndon Rive announced that due to delays incurred in the supply of machinery for the plant, production would begin in summer 2017.[83] New York State owns the building and most of the equipment, leasing it to SolarCity. Most of the work was completed by November 2016, when the Buffalo Billion project was under investigation, delaying state payments to contractors, but not influencing progress on completion of construction.[84] SolarCity started hiring for the facility in December 2016.[85]

Elon Musk announced in 2017 that production of Tesla's solar roof products would be moved to the Buffalo facility at the end of 2017.[86] It was reported that as of August 2017, production of solar roof tiles had begun at the facility, and Tesla expected to continue to ramp up production through the rest of the year.[87] By the end of 2018, the facility employed about 800 workers.[88] The state of New York required the company to employ at least 1,460 workers at the facility by April 2020 or face a $41.2 million penalty,[89] and in February 2020, the company reported having 1,500 workers at the facility.[90] Panasonic announced that they would cease operations at the facility in May 2020.[90]

Lawsuits and investigations

Buffalo Billion

Buffalo Billion is a billion-dollar program launched by the administration of New York Governor Andrew Cuomo to revitalize Buffalo, New York. One of the main features of the program was the solar panel factory to be leased by SolarCity in the High-Tech Manufacturing Innovation Hub at RiverBend. The state appropriated $750 million in funding for the hub. According to Daily Energy Insider, "The facility will have one gigawatt of annual solar capacity when it reaches full production and is expected to produce about 10,000 solar panels per day."

On April 29, 2016, then-U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara (of the Southern District of New York) began an investigation into state construction projects and contracts, including the Buffalo Billion. SolarCity was not the subject or focus of the investigation and was not involved in the vendor selection or contracting.[91] SolarCity said that it was cooperating with federal agents who had been in contact with the company.[92]

According to The New York Times, Buffalo Billion would benefit "a tangle of well-connected players – including developers and frequent donors to the governor – who have feasted on Buffalo Billion money".[92] Cuomo strongly defended the project, noting that there had been a decrease in unemployment and an increase in spending around the Buffalo area.[92]

Three executives who worked for LPCiminelli Development faced a 14-count indictment for wire fraud and bribery and alleged bid rigging of the SolarCity RiverBend construction contract. Additionally, five other people have been charged with related crimes.[82]

On May 18, 2016, the Public Authorities Control Board delayed a meeting at which it was set to approve $485 million in new funds for SolarCity. The New York state legislature planned to approve a budget in April 2017 that would give $500 million more into the Buffalo Billion program. In return, the legislature wanted the Cuomo administration to put more transparency into how the money is spent.[82]

Oregon Attorney General investigation

On March 30, 2017, The Oregonian said that Campaign for Accountability, a D.C.-based consumer advocacy group, and other groups have asked Oregon Attorney General Ellen Rosenblum to investigate solar panel sales practices[93] that "are designed to trick homeowners into buying or leasing solar panels" in violation of Oregon's Unlawful Trade Practices Act.[94] According to The Oregonian, the request to Rosenblum "singled out one company: California-based SolarCity. It outlined several complaints filed against the solar giant by Oregonians who claimed they'd been misled about costs, tax credits and energy savings by the company."[94]

The Campaign for Accountability reviewed 58 complaints that consumers filed with the Oregon Department of Justice and said that the complaints indicated "a widespread pattern of apparent fraud and abuse by solar companies."[94] The Oregon Solar Energy Industry Association, however, said that it examined the complaints and "found the numbers to be relatively low – lower than those being cited by the Campaign for Accountability."[94]

Investigators determined that SolarCity attempted to "cheat the system" by inflating the cost of 14 commercial solar projects by more than 100% to qualify for higher state tax credits.[95] SolarCity and its accountant were required to pay back $13 million to the state of Oregon.[95] The investigation also found that "phony and misleading documents" were submitted for some projects, and there was a bribery scheme involving the projects' energy consultant and a state Energy Department manager.[95] One of SolarCity's solar panel suppliers employed prisoners at the Federal Correctional Institution in Sheridan, Oregon, to keep costs down.[95]

"Solar by Degree" project

The company is involved in a case concerning Martin Shain, the lead energy consultant in a solar power project at two Oregon universities. Shain was indicted for forgery in Marion County in August 2016. He is a consultant for BacGen Technologies in Seattle, a key player in the controversial $24 million "Solar by Degree" project and is accused of "creating a phony invoice from a fictional subcontractor that was pivotal in getting nearly $12 million in tax credits from the Oregon Department of Energy".[96] The project began in 2013 and was sponsored by the Oregon University System; thousands of solar panels, generating millions of kilowatt hours of energy per year, were constructed on 21 acres on the campuses of Oregon State University and the Oregon Institute of Technology in Klamath Falls.

The state's case revolves around two documents, which include an invoice from Solar Foundations Systems dated February 25, 2011, and a December 2011 letter signed by Ryan Davies, the former head of RedCo, a Utah-based company, which was the second developer on the project. According to KOIN-TV, "The Davies letter reported $210,000 had been spent toward the project and that construction was progressing."[97] The Solar Foundations invoice contains details of the construction of solar arrays. The invoice was necessary to provide proof of work on the project to get tax credits from the state. The "Solar by Degree" project received the tax credits, but it was later shown that the company named on the invoice, Solar Foundations, does not exist. In addition, Davies claims he did not write nor has ever seen the RedCo letter in question and that his name was forged. Relying on this evidence, the state claims Shain forged both documents. Shain denies forging the invoice and claims it was given to him by someone else involved in the project.[98] The tax credits involved were given to SolarCity, the third developer in the project, along with its financial backers. According to The Oregonian, "Those backers provide upfront financing for the projects in exchange for a share of the project revenues and the federal and state tax credits, which they can use to offset their own taxes."[96] SolarCity stated, "We financed and constructed the projects in accord with the requirements of the Oregon Department of Energy."[96] The company argues that the state hired Shain, and it had no knowledge of the phony documents in question; otherwise, it would have not pursued the endeavor.[96]

Treasury Department inquiries

In 2012, the Treasury Department began investigative interviews of solar firms regarding their fair market value calculations for constructed solar energy systems. SolarCity stated that its values were correct and complied with the Treasury Department guidelines.[99] SolarCity received roughly $501.2 million in credits up until December 31, 2015. In 2017, SolarCity settled the investigation by agreeing to pay $29.5 million without any admission of guilt or liability.[100]

Customer litigation

Since 2006, SolarCity has lowered the minimum FICO score required for customers to get the leasing deals. It uses the score of 650 (a "fair" credit rating) as the cutoff. However, between 2014 and 2017, SolarCity signed long-term lease agreements with at least 14 homeowner customers right before the customers defaulted on their mortgages. The company has been named in 139 lawsuits where it is the defendant in legal proceedings based on "residential foreclosure action."[101]

In its response, SolarCity said in a statement to the New York Times, "Out of more than 305,000 installed customers, SolarCity is currently involved in 139 such proceedings. The litigation is not adversarial – being named in the foreclosure proceeding provides us with advance notice that we need to reassign a contract, and many are immediately resolved with the relevant bank."[101]

Customer cancellation investigation

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) began investigating Sunrun and SolarCity in May 2017 and were looking into whether they adequately disclosed canceled contracts. "Some customers say they canceled contracts after being strong-armed into solar-energy deals" and there have been hundreds of complaints to state attorneys general.[102]

The federal government is investigating whether solar companies are "masking how many customers they are losing." The SEC is involved because "investors use that cancellation metric as one way to gauge the companies' health."[102] According to the Wall Street Journal, "To generate business, solar companies have long relied on thousands of salespeople who knock on doors, make hundreds of cold calls and even trail people as they shop at retailers like Home Depot Inc., according to salespeople, executives and homeowners."[102]

FCC receiving radio interference complaints

SolarCity installed SolarEdge inverter systems with a type of DC-DC converter called an optimizer. These systems cause radio interference as documented in April 2016 QST magazine a publication of the ARRL.[103]

Vermont projects without approval

In June 2017, the Vermont Public Service Board found that SolarCity was implementing solar projects in Vermont without approval required by law. According to Vermont Public Radio, Public Service Board Chair Anthony Roisman sent a letter to SolarCity warning the company that it needed to get regulatory approval before installing solar generation equipment and attaching it to the state's electrical grid. Roisman wrote, "Over the past few months, my office has observed a pattern of procedural issues with net-metering applications being pursued by your company." Officials at the company worked quickly to respond to the issue.[104]

Allegations of faked sales numbers

In July 2018, three former employees filed a lawsuit against SolarCity, alleging that the corporation had approved the creation of "fake sales accounts", which resulted in an "unreasonably high valuation of SolarCity" for investors.[105][106] After allegedly informing management, including CEO Elon Musk, of these incidents, the employees were allegedly fired, which they argue contravenes California's whistleblower protection laws. A Tesla spokesman denied these allegations.[105] On June 5, 2020, the case was dismissed with prejudice.[107]

Walmart lawsuit and Project Titan

SolarCity installed and manages solar panels on the roofs of more than 240 Walmart stores. On August 21, 2019, Walmart filed a lawsuit against Tesla, seeking reimbursement for millions of dollars in damages and release from contracts, claiming that fires on the roofs of seven of those stores since 2012 were caused by SolarCity's "negligent installation and maintenance."[108] The suit was settled on November 5, 2019, and the terms were not disclosed. A joint statement provided by Tesla stated the companies said they were "pleased to have resolved the issues raised by Walmart" concerning the installations, and looked forward to "a safe re-energization of our sustainable energy systems." Walmart had accused Tesla of "widespread, systematic negligence" and ignoring prudent industry practices by relying on untrained and unsupervised personnel to install and maintain its panels, and prioritizing speed and profit over safety.[40]

At around the start of the lawsuit, it was revealed that Tesla had initiated a secretive program, called Project Titan, to "replace solar-panel parts that could cause fires" as early as the previous summer.[109] From a resource perspective, Project Titan involved "ordering supplies including ladders and tool belts and sent crews out around the United States" to approximately 50 cities as well as replacements for the specific parts believed to be causing fires: Amphenol H4 connectors and SolarEdge optimizers.[110]

The Checks and Balances Project

SolarCity indirectly funds a political advocacy group known as the Checks and Balances Project. The project has criticized the elected members of the Arizona Corporation Commission (the regulatory body that oversees electricity and utilities in Arizona) for being too well-connected to utility companies. The Checks and Balances Project has filed several requests for public records from the Arizona Corporation Commission. In July 2016, the Federal Bureau of Investigation interviewed the head of Checks and Balances as part of a larger criminal investigation into the financing of certain Arizona statewide races in 2014.[111]

Project financing and the Google Fund

SolarCity partnered with banks, large corporations, and the asset-backed[112] market to create project finance funds to finance its lease and power purchase agreement (PPA) options. Among SolarCity's better-known financing partnerships was a $280 million fund created with Google to finance residential solar installations in June 2011. The Google Fund was the largest fund of its kind in the U.S., and Google's largest investment in clean energy.[113]

Trade organization and collaboration

The company is one of the founding members of The Alliance for Solar Choice, or TASC, which is a rooftop photovoltaic power station solar trade organization.[114]

Government-funded collaboration

The SunShot Initiative is a national effort to support solar energy adoption to make solar energy affordable for all Americans. It is run by the US Department of Energy's Solar Energy Technologies Office and funds research, development, demonstration, and deployment projects. It is a collaboration of private companies, universities, state and local governments, and nonprofits, as well as national laboratories. The program began in 2011 with the initial goal of making solar energy competitive with traditional forms of electricity by 2020. By 2016, the program achieved 70% of the progress towards the 2020 goal.[115]

In the fiscal year 2012 Congressional budget, the program was appropriated $457 million. According to the US Department of Energy's appropriation request for that year, "The program also encourages Systems Integration by developing radically new approaches to reduce the cost and improve reliability and functionality of power electronics and supporting industry development through test and evaluation standards, and tools for understanding grid integration issues."[116]

SolarCity was involved in a collaboration with the program along with the Energy Department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory and Hawaiian Electric Industries. Using government and taxpayer funds, SolarCity helped 2,500 Hawaii residential customers connect their solar power systems to the grid by the end of December 2015.[117]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Management Team at SolarCity". solarcity.com. Archived from the original on May 4, 2014. Retrieved March 15, 2014.
  2. ^ Walsh, Bryan (April 17, 2008). "The Environment". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved July 6, 2024.
  3. ^ Newsmaker: Elon Musk on rockets, sports cars and solar power Archived January 29, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, news.cnet.com, Michael Kanellos, February 15, 2008.
  4. ^ a b "Solar Industry Data; Solar Industry Breaks 20 GW Barrier – Grows 34% Over 2013". SEAI Research & Resources. Solar Energy Industries Association. 2015. Archived from the original on September 1, 2017. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  5. ^ Sweet, Cassandra; Tracy, Ryan (May 6, 2013). "Solar Installer Sues for U.S. Grant Funds". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on March 4, 2023. Retrieved August 11, 2013.
  6. ^ "SolarCity buys Clean Currents". www.bizjournals.com. January 24, 2011. Archived from the original on March 4, 2023. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  7. ^ Wesoff, Eric (February 17, 2011). "SolarCity Acquires groSolar's Residential Installation Business". www.greentechmedia.com. Archived from the original on March 16, 2021. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  8. ^ PODSADA, JANICE (February 7, 2012). "SolarCity, Solar Panel Company, Establishes Hartford Office". courant.com. Archived from the original on July 10, 2021. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  9. ^ "Solar City, eyeing growth in Pittsburgh region, opens operations center". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Archived from the original on May 24, 2021. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  10. ^ "SolarCity expands services into South Carolina". cleantechnica.com. October 6, 2016. Archived from the original on May 24, 2021. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  11. ^ Santana, Marco. "Elon Musk's SolarCity expanding in Clermont". OrlandoSentinel.com. Archived from the original on March 2, 2019. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  12. ^ "SolarCity launches new solar loan program in Vermont". Vermont Business Magazine. August 6, 2016. Archived from the original on May 24, 2021. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  13. ^ Evans-Brown, Sam (April 28, 2015). "Solar Energy Giant To Move Into N.H. Market". www.nhpr.org. Archived from the original on March 14, 2021. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  14. ^ Litvak, Nicole (August 22, 2019). "Is the SolarCity Model the Only Way to Scale Residential Solar?". www.greentechmedia.com. Retrieved July 6, 2024.
  15. ^ "2013 Top 250 Solar Contractors". Solar Power World. Archived from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  16. ^ "SolarCity Completes Acquisition of Paramount Solar". September 11, 2013. Archived from the original on November 18, 2016. Retrieved November 17, 2016.
  17. ^ "SolarCity 2015 Impact Report" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on January 3, 2017. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
  18. ^ SolarCity offers $200 million solar bonds in first public offering Archived November 29, 2021, at the Wayback Machine. Reuters, October 16, 2014
  19. ^ "SolarCity – Current Report". Archived from the original on March 30, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
  20. ^ a b c Whaley, Sean (January 6, 2016). "SolarCity cuts 550 Nevada jobs, blames new net metering rate". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on June 10, 2016. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
  21. ^ a b "Tesla's SolarCity Cut 20% of Its Staff Last Year". Fortune. March 2, 2017. Archived from the original on March 14, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
  22. ^ Rosen, Ben (March 2, 2017). "SolarCity's workforce shrinks – but predictions for solar point up". Christian Science Monitor. ISSN 0882-7729. Archived from the original on March 2, 2017. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
  23. ^ a b c Robinson, David (March 2, 2017). "SolarCity, gearing up to begin work here, cut 3,000 jobs in 2016". The Buffalo News. Archived from the original on November 14, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
  24. ^ "Why Tesla Had to Lay Off 3,000 SolarCity Employees". Madison.com. March 2, 2017. Archived from the original on May 27, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
  25. ^ Akhtar, Allana (August 19, 2016). "SolarCity announces layoffs, cuts executive pay to $1". wgrz.com. WGRZ. Retrieved July 6, 2024.
  26. ^ Desjardins, Jeff (April 28, 2018). "Here's what the future of Tesla could look like". Business Insider. Archived from the original on May 1, 2018. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
  27. ^ Musk, Elon (August 2, 2006). "The Secret Tesla Motors Master Plan (just between you and me) No. 124". Tesla Motors. Archived from the original on August 2, 2010. Retrieved October 3, 2010.[self-published source]
  28. ^ "Tesla Has Won Antitrust Approval to Buy SolarCity". August 25, 2016. Archived from the original on April 20, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
  29. ^ "Tesla and SolarCity confirm merger in $2.6BN stock deal". August 1, 2016. Archived from the original on May 9, 2021. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
  30. ^ "Tesla shareholders OK SolarCity deal: 'Your faith will be rewarded,' Elon Musk says". GeekWire. November 17, 2016. Archived from the original on May 10, 2021. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  31. ^ "Tesla's Acquisition of SolarCity Receives Shareholder Approval". November 17, 2016. Archived from the original on March 11, 2018. Retrieved November 17, 2016.
  32. ^ "Early Christmas Present For Elon Musk As Shareholders Bless Tesla-SolarCity Merger". Forbes. November 17, 2016. Archived from the original on August 3, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
  33. ^ "Shareholders to vote on Tesla-SolarCity merger next month". Los Angeles Times. October 12, 2016. Archived from the original on March 7, 2021. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
  34. ^ "Elon Musk wins $13B suit over Solar City deal Tesla shareholders called a 'bailout'". techcrunch.com. April 27, 2022. Archived from the original on April 27, 2022. Retrieved April 27, 2022.
  35. ^ "Elon Musk wins shareholder lawsuit over Tesla's $2.6 billion SolarCity acquisition". cnbc.com. April 27, 2022. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved April 27, 2022.
  36. ^ Bursztynsky, Lora; Kolodny, Jessica (April 27, 2022). "Elon Musk wins shareholder lawsuit over Tesla's $2.6 billion SolarCity acquisition". CNBC. Retrieved July 6, 2024.
  37. ^ Shallenberger, Krysti (April 25, 2017). "Former FERC chair Jon Wellinghoff no longer at SolarCity". Utility Dive. Archived from the original on April 25, 2017. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
  38. ^ Groom, Nichola (May 15, 2017). "Former SolarCity CEO Lyndon Rive will leave Tesla". Reuters. Archived from the original on October 23, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
  39. ^ Logan, Bryan (July 18, 2017). "SolarCity cofounder Peter Rive is leaving Tesla months after multibillion acquisition". Business Insider. Archived from the original on May 10, 2021. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  40. ^ a b "Tesla settles with Walmart over solar panel installations, fires". Reuters. November 5, 2019. Archived from the original on May 11, 2021. Retrieved November 5, 2019.
  41. ^ "Solar power for less than your cable bill | Environment Forum". Blogs.reuters.com. April 24, 2008. Archived from the original on April 29, 2008. Retrieved October 15, 2011.
  42. ^ Earnest, John (September 27, 2008). "Leasing a solar-power system". SignOnSanDiego.com. Archived from the original on October 1, 2008. Retrieved October 15, 2011.
  43. ^ Sistek, Hanna (July 18, 2008). "SolarCity provides SF power below grid price | Green Tech - CNET News". News.cnet.com. Archived from the original on January 11, 2011. Retrieved October 15, 2011.
  44. ^ "Why Lease When You Can Own? Rooftop Solar Facing Tough Question". Bloomberg.com. May 24, 2016. Archived from the original on May 10, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
  45. ^ "Tesla-SolarCity merger: How risky is all that debt?". The Buffalo News. November 15, 2016. Archived from the original on January 7, 2018. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
  46. ^ Sickinger, Ted (March 30, 2017). "Consumer group asks state to investigate solar companies' sales practices". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on April 1, 2017. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
  47. ^ Sickinger, Ted (October 11, 2018). "Oregon claws back $13 million for inflated tax credits". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on June 25, 2020. Retrieved June 23, 2020.
  48. ^ "Solar Panel Installation, Commercial British Motors". SolarCity. Archived from the original on November 8, 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  49. ^ "Solar Powered Business Leader". San Francisco Department of the Environment. November 7, 2011. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  50. ^ "SolarCity increases the scope of its PPA Program; Gartner expects commercial solar PPA market to account for 26 % of the solar PPA market in 2009". solarserver.com. Archived from the original on April 2, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  51. ^ "SolarCity to put solar on 60 more California Wal-Mart stores". Biz Journals. September 21, 2011. Archived from the original on August 3, 2017. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  52. ^ "SolarCity to install solar panel & battery combo for Walmarts". Gigaom.com. August 7, 2012. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013.
  53. ^ "Intel To Install 6 Acre Solar Installation in CA | Solar Energy". solarenergy.net. Archived from the original on July 28, 2012. Retrieved March 15, 2014.
  54. ^ "Sun helps power new Davis-Monthan homes". airforcetimes.com. Archived from the original on July 16, 2012. Retrieved March 15, 2014.
  55. ^ Morgan McFall-Johnsen (August 1, 2019). "A solar-powered system can turn salt water into fresh drinking water for 25,000 people per day. It could help address the world's looming water crisis". Business Insider. Archived from the original on March 17, 2020. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  56. ^ "Tesla Just Unveiled Its Newest Solar Panels". Futurism. Archived from the original on May 11, 2021. Retrieved August 28, 2020.
  57. ^ Wang, Ucilia. "SolarCity Buys Zep To Cut Labor Time For Rooftop Solar". Forbes. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
  58. ^ "SolarCity Aims Zep Solar Technology at Commercial Rooftops". Archived from the original on March 2, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
  59. ^ "Solar City Adds Energy Efficiency to Solar Finance, Design and Monitoring". Greentech Media. October 14, 2010. Archived from the original on March 14, 2012. Retrieved October 15, 2011.
  60. ^ "SolarCity Charges Into Home Efficiency With Admirals Bank: Greentech Media". greentechmedia.com. Archived from the original on March 17, 2014. Retrieved March 15, 2014.
  61. ^ "How SolarCity Makes Energy Efficiency Easy". Time. March 28, 2012. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2012.
  62. ^ "SolarCity Installs Electric Car Chargers Along Cal Highway: Greentech Media". greentechmedia.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved March 15, 2014.
  63. ^ "SolarCity Installs Electric Car Chargers Along Cal Highway". Greentech Media. September 22, 2009. Archived from the original on October 3, 2011. Retrieved October 15, 2011.
  64. ^ Cardwell, Diane (November 30, 2011). "SolarCity Wins Financing for Military Housing Plan". New York Times. Archived from the original on April 13, 2017. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
  65. ^ a b c d Woody, Todd (September 7, 2011). "Military Deal To Double The U.S.'s Rooftop Solar Installations". Forbes. Archived from the original on April 29, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
  66. ^ Dearen, Jason; Daly, Matthew (September 7, 2011). "SolarStrong Project: Obama Administration Backs SolarCity Military Energy Program". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on April 6, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
  67. ^ a b "SolarStrong expands to bases in California and Colorado". Recharge. NHST Media Group. July 18, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
  68. ^ a b c d Woody, Todd (July 17, 2012). "Big Military Solar Project Expands To New Bases". Forbes. Archived from the original on September 3, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
  69. ^ "Why Tesla's battery for your home should terrify utilities". The Verge. February 13, 2015. Archived from the original on November 15, 2017. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  70. ^ "Solar City Announces Power Wall". SolarCity. July 7, 2015. Archived from the original on December 28, 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2015.
  71. ^ "PG&E to Plug Enphase Smart Inverters and SolarCity Storage Systems into Its Grid Control Platform". Archived from the original on April 19, 2017. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  72. ^ "Tesla and Green Mountain Power: Get Your Behind-the-Meter Battery for $15 a Month". May 12, 2017. Archived from the original on May 16, 2017. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  73. ^ Robinson, David (August 26, 2016). "SolarCity construction nears completion". The Buffalo News. Archived from the original on November 14, 2016. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  74. ^ Gold, Russel (June 17, 2014). "SolarCity Buys Silevo, a Module Maker". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on June 19, 2014. Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  75. ^ "SolarCity investing $5B in Buffalo, creating 3,000 jobs". LIN Television Corporation. September 23, 2014. Archived from the original on October 4, 2014. Retrieved September 24, 2014.
  76. ^ Craig, Susanne (October 25, 2015). "Despite Risks, Cuomo Bets on Solar Power to Lift Buffalo". New York Times. Archived from the original on October 26, 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  77. ^ "Governor Cuomo Celebrates "Topping Off" of SolarCity Gigafactory". New York State. August 4, 2015. Archived from the original on September 8, 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  78. ^ Osborne, Mark (January 16, 2017). "Tesla/SolarCity/Silevo/Panasonic 1GW Buffalo fab's known unknowns". PV-Tech. Archived from the original on January 17, 2017. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
  79. ^ Stromsta, Karl-Erik (October 24, 2016). "Panasonic to 'integrate' SolarCity's PV technology at New York factory". Recharge. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
  80. ^ Robinson, David (November 3, 2016). "SolarCity moving into its giant new RiverBend factory". The Buffalo News. Archived from the original on November 21, 2016. Retrieved November 20, 2016. Panasonic and SolarCity are using similar technology to produce high-efficiency solar panels, which Rive believes will allow the companies to combine elements from each firm's technology, leading to the production of a "hybrid" solar cell
  81. ^ Miner, Dan (October 23, 2015). "Expect New York state to have input in next SolarCity factory". Buffalo Business First. American City Business Journals. Archived from the original on November 23, 2016. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
  82. ^ a b c Riley, Kim (March 24, 2017). "Success of Buffalo Billion-backed SolarCity factory remains elusive". Daily Energy Insider. Archived from the original on June 10, 2017. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
  83. ^ Robinson, David (February 10, 2016). "SolarCity delaying Buffalo factory production". The Buffalo News. Archived from the original on December 9, 2016. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
  84. ^ Robinson, David (November 28, 2016). "State is late paying Riverbend contractors again". The Buffalo News. Archived from the original on November 29, 2016. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
  85. ^ Robinson, David (December 5, 2016). "SolarCity begins its hunt for factory workers". The Buffalo News. Archived from the original on December 8, 2016. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
  86. ^ Robinson, David. "Tesla says it will start making solar roofs in Buffalo by end of year" Archived August 2, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The Buffalo News, August 2, 2017
  87. ^ Ayre, James. "Solar Roof Tile Production At Tesla's Buffalo "Gigafactory" Now Up & Running" Archived January 12, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, CleanTechnica.com, September 7, 2017
  88. ^ "Did Elon Musk Forget About Buffalo?". Bloomberg. November 20, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
  89. ^ "Tesla, Panasonic will reportedly stop joint solar cell production at Gigafactory 2 in Buffalo". CNBC. February 26, 2020. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
  90. ^ a b "Tesla Now Has 1,800 Employees In New York, Panasonic Quits Gigafactory 2 In Buffalo (The Solar One)". CleanTechnica. February 28, 2020. Archived from the original on March 19, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
  91. ^ Harrington, Mark (May 12, 2016). "Solar firm acknowledges subpoena in probe". Newsday. Archived from the original on May 16, 2016. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
  92. ^ a b c Mckinley, Jesse; Yee, Vivian (May 24, 2016). "$1 Billion Went to Buffalo. Cuomo Donors Benefited". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 3, 2017. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
  93. ^ "Solar: Group wants Oregon AG to investigate sales practices". The Washington Times. March 31, 2017. Archived from the original on April 21, 2017. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
  94. ^ a b c d Sickinger, Ted (March 30, 2017). "Consumer group asks state to investigate solar companies' sales practices". OregonLive.com. Archived from the original on April 1, 2017. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
  95. ^ a b c d Sickinger, Ted (October 11, 2018). "Oregon claws back $13 million for inflated tax credits". The Oregonian | Oregon Live. Archived from the original on June 25, 2020. Retrieved June 23, 2020.
  96. ^ a b c d Manning, Jeff (August 29, 2016). "Consultant to university solar project charged with forgery". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on November 8, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
  97. ^ "Solar project consultant charged with fraud in Oregon". KOIN 6. August 30, 2016. Archived from the original on November 8, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
  98. ^ "Solar project consultant charged with fraud in Oregon". The Washington Times. August 30, 2016. Archived from the original on November 8, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
  99. ^ Mullins, Brody; Dugan, Ianthe Jeanne; Rubin, Richard (September 15, 2016). "Lawmakers Probe Tax Incentives Received by Solar-Energy Firms". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on November 23, 2016. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
  100. ^ "SolarCity to pay $29.5 mln to resolve U.S. government allegations". Reuters. September 22, 2017. Archived from the original on March 22, 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  101. ^ a b Ivory, Danielle; Cardwell, Diane (February 22, 2017). "SolarCity's Ties to Foreclosure Cases Raise Questions on Vetting Policies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 25, 2017. Retrieved March 17, 2017.
  102. ^ a b c Grind, Kirsten (May 3, 2017). "SEC Probes Solar Companies Over Disclosure of Customer Cancellations". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on May 5, 2017. Retrieved May 5, 2017.
  103. ^ Brock-Fisher, Tony (April 2016). "Can Home Solar Power and Ham Radio Coesist" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on June 13, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
  104. ^ Dobbs, Taylor (June 30, 2017). "State Says SolarCity Wasn't Following Permit Process". Vermont Public Radio (VPR). Archived from the original on October 16, 2017. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
  105. ^ a b Farivar, Cyrus (July 31, 2018). "Ex-SolarCity employees: We were fired after reporting millions in fake sales". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on August 14, 2018. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
  106. ^ Assis, Claudia (August 1, 2018). "Ex-SolarCity workers sue Tesla, claiming it inflated sales with fake accounts". MarketWatch. Archived from the original on August 14, 2018. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
  107. ^ "Accessing Court Records for the San Diego Superior Court". Archived from the original on June 14, 2021. Retrieved August 20, 2020. Civil case 37-2018-00037100-CU-WT-CTL (case 37100 in the year 2018): On 6/5/2020: Complaint dismissed with prejudice as to White, Anqunetta; Complaint dismissed with prejudice as to Ray, Robert; Complaint dismissed with prejudice as to Staples, Andrew; Complaint dismissed with prejudice as to Tesla Inc.; Complaint dismissed with prejudice as to Solarcity Corporation.
  108. ^ "After seven roof fires, Walmart sues Tesla over solar panel flaws". August 21, 2019. Archived from the original on December 7, 2020. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  109. ^ Lopez, Linette. "Last year, Tesla initiated 'Project Titan' — a stealth nationwide program to replace solar-panel parts that could cause fires". Business Insider. Archived from the original on May 10, 2021. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
  110. ^ "Here's everything we know about 'Project Titan' — Tesla's covert program to replace solar-panel parts that could cause fires". Business Insider. Archived from the original on May 10, 2021. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
  111. ^ "Advocacy group briefs FBI in Arizona Corporation Commission inquiry". Arizona Republic. July 6, 2016. Archived from the original on March 4, 2023. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  112. ^ SolarCity Announces Proposed Securitization Archived September 14, 2017, at the Wayback Machine Company press release, November 4, 2013
  113. ^ "Google invests $280 million in SolarCity". CNN. June 14, 2011. Archived from the original on September 5, 2020. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
  114. ^ "The Alliance for Solar Choice - About Us". TASC. Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  115. ^ "About the SunShot Initiative | Department of Energy". energy.gov. Archived from the original on February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
  116. ^ "Overview: Appropriation by Program" Archived May 4, 2017, at the Wayback Machine. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
  117. ^ "EERE Success Story—SunShot-funded Advanced Inverter Testing Enables 2,500 Solar Energy Systems to Connect to Hawaii's Electric Grid". Energy.gov. Archived from the original on February 15, 2017. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to SolarCity.
External image
image icon 38 photos of factory construction

Read other articles:

Michal Nguyen

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Desember 2022. Michal NguyễnInformasi pribadiTanggal lahir 04 Desember 1989 (umur 34)Tempat lahir Republik CekoTinggi 1,84 m (6 ft 1⁄2 in)Posisi bermain BekInformasi klubKlub saat ini FK Baník MostNomor 19Karier junior FK Litvínov FK Te...

 

Poésie chinoise

Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. Cet article ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources (juin 2012). Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les références utiles à sa vérifiabilité et en les liant à la section « Notes et références » En pratique : Quelles sources sont attendues ? Comme...

 

Napster

Napster Napster yang berjalan di Mac OS 9 pada Maret 2001.Tipeperangkat lunak, gerai musik online dan layanan streaming musik Versi pertama1 Juni 1999; 24 tahun lalu (1999-06-01)GenrePemutar mediaLisensiPerangkat lunak kongsi BahasaDaftar bahasa Multilingual Informasi pengembangPengembangShawn FanningSean ParkerHugo Sáez ContrerasInformasi tambahanSitus webnapster.com (Inggris) Sunting di Wikidata • L • B • Bantuan penggunaan templat ini Napster adalah aplikasi...

Silay

Silay component city (en) Tempat Negara berdaulatFilipinaRegion di FilipinaVisayas BaratProvinsi di FilipinaNegros Occidental NegaraFilipina PendudukTotal130.478  (2020 )Tempat tinggal32.693  (2020 )Bahasa resmiHiligaynon dan Tagalog GeografiLuas wilayah214,8 km² [convert: unit tak dikenal]Ketinggian57 m Berbatasan denganTalisay, Negros Barat Enrique B. Magalona Informasi tambahanKode pos6116 Zona waktuUTC+8 Kode telepon34 Lain-lainSitus webLaman resmi Silay City adalah kota y...

 

CAP theorem

Need to sacrifice consistency or availability in the presence of network partitions In theoretical computer science, the CAP theorem, also named Brewer's theorem after computer scientist Eric Brewer, states that any distributed data store can provide only two of the following three guarantees:[1][2][3] Consistency Every read receives the most recent write or an error. Availability Every request receives a (non-error) response, without the guarantee that it contains the...

 

Kosan County

County in Kangwŏn Province, North KoreaKosan County 고산군CountyKorean transcription(s) • Chosŏn'gŭl고산군 • Hancha高山郡 • McCune-ReischauerKosan-gun • Revised RomanizationGosan-gunMap of Kangwon showing the location of KosanCoordinates: 38°51′23.36″N 127°25′17.51″E / 38.8564889°N 127.4215306°E / 38.8564889; 127.4215306CountryNorth KoreaProvinceKangwŏn ProvinceAdministrative divisions1 ŭp, ...

Ion Păscăluță

Ion Păscăluță1918 - Pascaluta Ion.jpgMember of the Moldovan ParliamentIn office1917–1918 Ion Păscăluță was a Bessarabian politician. Biography He served as Member of the Moldovan Parliament (1917–1918). Gallery Moldovan stamp, 1998 Bibliography Gheorghe E. Cojocaru, Sfatul țării: itinerar, Civitas, Chișinău, 1998, ISBN 9975-936-20-2 Mihai Tașcă, Sfatul Țării și actualele autorități locale, Timpul de dimineață, no. 114 (849), June 27, 2008 (page 16) External links...

 

Alessandro Virginio Dolci

Alessandro Virginio Dolci Alessandro Virginio Dolci (Bergamo, 24 maggio 1890 – Bergamo, 17 settembre 1954) è stato un tenore italiano. Indice 1 Biografia 2 Note 3 Bibliografia 4 Voci correlate 5 Altri progetti 6 Collegamenti esterni Biografia Alessandro Virginio Dolci nacque da Giuseppe e Teresa Mazza, studiò canto dapprima all'istituto musicale Donizetti, poi frequentò un corso di contrabbasso, di pianoforte e di armonia, infine decise di approfondire le sue conoscenze grazie a lezioni ...

 

Difficult People

2010s American comedy TV series Difficult PeopleGenre Sitcom Created byJulie KlausnerStarring Julie Klausner Billy Eichner James Urbaniak Andrea Martin Cole Escola Shakina Nayfack Country of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. of seasons3No. of episodes28 (list of episodes)ProductionExecutive producers Tony Hernandez Amy Poehler Scott King Julie Klausner Dave Becky ProducerRyan McCormickCamera setupSingle-cameraRunning time22–29 minutesProduction companies Paper Kite Productions ...

Latin cross

Symbol of Christianity ✝ redirects here. For the similar typographical symbol, see Dagger (mark). A crux immissa or Latin cross A Latin cross or crux immissa is a type of cross in which the vertical beam sticks above the crossbeam,[1] giving the cross four arms. Typically the two horizontal and upper vertical arm are the same length, although sometimes the vertical is shorter, however the lower vertical arm is always much longer than any other arm.[2] If displayed upside dow...

 

Europa settentrionale

Voce principale: Europa. L'Europa settentrionale secondo il criterio più diffuso. L'Europa settentrionale secondo il Geoschema delle Nazioni Unite.     Europa meridionale     Europa occidentale     Europa orientale     Europa settentrionale L'Europa settentrionale secondo il criterio che vi include anche i paesi baltici. L'Europa settentrionale (o Europa del Nord, o Nord Europa) è la parte s...

 

Lee Jun-hyeok (actor, born 1972)

South Korean actor For South Korean actor of the same name born in 1984, see Lee Joon-hyuk (actor, born 1984). In this Korean name, the family name is Lee. Lee Jun-hyeokBorn (1972-03-19) March 19, 1972 (age 52)Jung District, Seoul, South KoreaOther namesLee Joon-hyukOccupationActorYears active1991–presentAgentChang CompanySpouseJi Young-anChildren3Korean nameHangul이준혁Hanja李準赫Revised RomanizationI Jun-hyeokMcCune–ReischauerYi Chun-hyŏk Lee Jun-hyeok[1] (...

Peter Cetera

Peter CeteraPeter Cetera nel 2017. Nazionalità Stati Uniti GenereSoft rock Periodo di attività musicale1962 – in attività EtichettaWarner Bros., River North GruppiChicago Sito ufficiale Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Peter Paul Cetera (Chicago, 13 settembre 1944) è un cantante e bassista statunitense di origini polacche[1] e ungheresi[2], noto per essere stato uno dei fondatori della rock band Chicago, di cui ha fatto parte dal 1967 al ...

 

National Federation of State High School Associations

Sports governing body in the United States This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: National Federation of State High School Associations – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this message) National Federation of State High School AssociationsAbbre...

 

Qiong Prefecture (Sichuan)

Historical administrative division in Sichuan, China Not to be confused with Qiong Prefecture (Hainan). Qiong Prefecture (邛州)Linqiong Commandery (臨邛郡)Population • 740s or 750s190,327[1] • 1100s193,032[2] History • Created6th century (Liang dynasty) • Abolished1913 (Republic of China) • Succeeded byQionglai County (邛崍縣) Contained within • CircuitTang dynasty:Jiannan CircuitSong dyn...

.ee

Internet country code top-level domain for Estonia This article is about the top-level Internet domain primarily used in Estonia. For other uses, see EE. .eeIntroduced3 June 1992TLD typeCountry code top-level domainStatusActiveRegistryEstonian Internet FoundationIntended useEntities connected with EstoniaActual useVery popular in Estonia, now available globally.Registered domains160,059 (2023-08-11)[1]StructureRegistrations are taken directly at the second level, or at the third level...

 

Baudouin II dari Yerusalem

Baudouin IIRaja YerusalemGambaran Baudouin II dari abad ke-19.Berkuasa14 April 1118 – 21 Agustus 1131Penobatan14 April 1118PendahuluBaudouin IPenerusMelisendeKelahiran1060PrancisKematian21 Agustus 1131 (usia 70-71 tahun)YerusalemPemakamanGereja Makam Kudus, YerusalemPasanganMorfia dari MalatyaKeturunanMelisende dari YerusalemAlice dari AntiokhiaHodierna dari TripoliIoveta dari BetaniaWangsaWangsa RethelAyahHugues I dari RethelIbuMelisende dari Montlhéry (10??–1118) Baudouin II, juga dise...

 

Omer Nishani

Albanian politician (1887–1954) Omer NishaniMinister of Foreign Affairs of the Socialist People’s Republic of AlbaniaIn office22 October 1944 – 22 March 1946Preceded byNew positionSucceeded byEnver HoxhaChairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of AlbaniaIn office16 March 1946 – 1 August 1953Preceded byNew positionSucceeded byHaxhi Lleshi Personal detailsBorn5 February 1887Gjirokastër, Janina Vilayet, Ottoman Empire (modern Albania)Died26 May 1954 (aged 67)...

Mystical theology

Branch of theology that explains mystical practices and states Part of a series onChristian mysticism Theology and philosophy Apophatic Ascetical Cataphatic Catholic spirituality Hellenistic Mystical theology Neoplatonic Henosis Practices Monasticism Monasticism New Silence Asceticism Mendicant Spiritual direction Meditation Meditation Lectio Divina Invoking of Mystic Saints Active asceticism Contemplation Hesychasm Jesus Prayer Quietism Stages of Christian perfection Hesychia Divinization Ca...

 

Applied economics

Application of economic theory and econometrics For the journal, see Applied Economics (journal). For the book by Thomas Sowell, see Applied Economics: Thinking Beyond Stage One. Part of a series onEconomics History Outline Index Branches and classifications Applied Econometrics Heterodox International Micro / Macro Mainstream Mathematical Methodology Political JEL classification codes Concepts, theory and techniques Economic systems Economic growth Market National accounting Experimental eco...