Sixteen Waltzes, Op. 39 (Brahms)

Sixteen Waltzes
Piano music by Johannes Brahms
The composer c. 1872
Native name	Sechzehn Walzer
Opus	39
Composed	1865 (1865)
Dedication	Eduard Hanslick
Published	1866 (1866)
Scoring	piano four-hands piano

Sixteen Waltzes (German; Sechzehn Walzer), Op. 39, is a set of 16 short waltzes for piano written by Johannes Brahms. They were composed in 1865, and published in 1866, dedicated to the music critic Eduard Hanslick.^[1]

Background

These waltzes were written for piano four hands, and were also arranged for piano solo by the composer, in two different versions – difficult and simplified. The three versions were published at the same time, and sold well, contrary to the composer's expectations.

The waltzes were written while the composer lived in Vienna, a city where he would permanently settle in 1872.^[2] They were intended as a tribute to the waltz dance form which had become especially fashionable in his adopted city.^[2]

Characteristics

In the solo versions, some of the keys were altered from the original duet version (the last four in the difficult version and No. 6 in the easy version). Waltz Number 15 in A major (or A♭) has acquired a life of its own, as likely the most popular piece in the collection. An arrangement of five of the waltzes (Nos. 1, 2, 11, 14, and 15) for two pianos, four hands was published after the composer's death.

Almost all of the waltzes are in a recapitulating binary form. For each waltz, the first half moves to the dominant, the relative major, or a substitute key. Then, the second half begins with a developmental passage that leads back to the main theme and the tonic.^[2]

In 1984, critic Edward Rothstein said that Joseph Smith "made a compelling case for taking them seriously as a unified cycle."^[3]

Waltzes

The 16 waltzes listed here are played by Martha Goldstein:

No. 1 in B major Tempo giusto (1:02)
No. 2 in E major (1:32)
No. 3 in G♯ minor (1:02)
No. 4 in E minor Poco sostenuto (1:35)
No. 5 in E major Grazioso (1:10)
No. 6 in C♯ major Vivace (C major in the easy solo version) (1:07)
No. 7 in C♯ minor Poco più Andante (2:12)
No. 8 in B♭ major (1:40)
No. 9 in D minor (1:26)
No. 10 in G major (0:32)
No. 11 in B minor (1:28)
No. 12 in E major (1:20)
No. 13 in C major (B major in the more difficult solo version) (0:48)
No. 14 in A minor (G♯ minor in the more difficult solo version and the two-piano version) (1:34)
No. 15 in A major (A♭ major in the more difficult solo version and the two-piano version) (1:28)
No. 16 in D minor (C♯ minor in the more difficult solo version) (1:01)

References

^ Palmer, John. "Waltzes for piano, four hands, Op. 39 (1865)" in All Music Guide to Classical Music: The Definitive Guide to Classical Music, p. 201 (Chris Woodstra, Gerald Brennan, and Allen Schrott eds., Backbeat Books, 2005, ISBN 9780879308650. Also available at Sixteen Waltzes, Op. 39 at AllMusic
^ ^a ^b ^c Todd, R. Larry. Nineteenth-Century Piano Music, p. 372 (Routledge, 2013)
^ Edward Rothstein, "Music: Joseph Smith", The New York Times, March 29, 1984, p. C28

Bibliography

Winfried Kirsch, Die Klavierwalzer op. 39 von Johannes Brahms und ihre Tradition. In "Jahrbuch des Staatlichen Institut für Musikforschung, Preußischer Kulturbesitz". II, 1969.
Marina Caracciolo, Brahms e il Walzer. Storia e lettura critica. LIM, Libreria Musicale Italiana, Lucca, 2004. ISBN 978-88-7096-362-5
Ignaz Mendelssohn, in Zur Entwicklung des Walzers, "Studien zur Musikwissenschaft"; XIV (1926).
Eduard Hanslick, Waffenruhe am Klavier, Neue freie Presse, Wien, August 1866.

External links

Sixteen Waltzes for Piano, four hands: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
Performance on YouTube, Pianist: Frank Levy
Score on YouTube, performed by Julius Katchen
Listening guide for all four versions of the waltzes

v t e Johannes Brahms
List of compositions
Orchestral works	Academic Festival Overture Serenades Symphony No. 1 in C minor Symphony No. 2 in D major Symphony No. 3 in F major Symphony No. 4 in E minor Tragic Overture Variations on a Theme by Haydn
Concertante	Double Concerto Piano Concerto No. 1 Piano Concerto No. 2 Violin Concerto
Vocal works with orchestra	A German Requiem Alto Rhapsody Gesang der Parzen Nänie Rinaldo Schicksalslied Triumphlied
Chamber music	Cello Sonata No. 1 Cello Sonata No. 2 Clarinet Quintet Clarinet Sonatas Clarinet Trio Horn Trio Piano Quartet No. 1 Piano Quartet No. 2 Piano Quartet No. 3 Piano Quintet Piano Trio No. 1 Piano Trio No. 2 Piano Trio No. 3 String Quartet No. 3 String Quintet No. 1 String Quintet No. 2 String Sextet No. 1 String Sextet No. 2 Two String Quartets, Op. 51 Violin Sonata No. 1 Violin Sonata No. 2 Violin Sonata No. 3
Piano works	Ballades, Op. 10 Fantasies, Op. 116 Four Pieces for Piano, Op. 119 Hungarian Dances Piano Sonata No. 1 Piano Sonata No. 2 Piano Sonata No. 3 Rhapsodies, Op. 79 Six Pieces for Piano, Op. 118 Sixteen Waltzes, Op. 39 Three Intermezzi for piano, Op. 117 Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel Variations on a Theme of Paganini
Other compositions	Eleven Chorale Preludes Fest- und Gedenksprüche Fünf Gesänge, Op. 104 Fünf Lieder, Op. 105 Geistliches Lied Liebeslieder Waltzes, Op. 52 Neue Liebeslieder Two Motets, Op. 74 Two Songs for Voice, Viola and Piano, Op. 91 Vier ernste Gesänge "Wiegenlied (Lullaby)", Op. 49, no. 4 Zigeunerlieder
Collaborations	F-A-E Sonata
Named for Brahms	1818 Brahms Brahms (crater) Brahms Inlet
Related articles	Brahms House (Baden-Baden) Brahms Museum (Hamburg) Brahms Museum, Mürzzuschlag Brahms guitar Brahms-Institut Brahms-Preis German Romanticism International Johannes Brahms Competition Musical cryptogram Three Bs Op. 120, No. 1 (Berio)
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