Nine years later, when Kennedy went back to the Netherlands and settled in Amersfoort, she became active in both local and national politics. She joined the Christian Union's permanent campaign as well as several committees and its think tank before being elected to the Dutch municipal council in 2006. She served four terms as a councilor, filling the positions of leader of the Christian Union's parliamentary group and vice chairman of the council. During the 2015 European migrant crisis, Kennedy spoke out against the living conditions of refugees in the Netherlands, and she played a central role in local volunteering for asylum seekers.
Kennedy also participated in several national elections between 2006 and 2019 but was never elected. She was appointed to the Senate for five months in January 2023 after the death of Peter Ester and to the Provincial Council of Utrecht two months later.
Early life
Kennedy was born in 1970 as Simone Doornbos in the Overijssel city of Kampen as the oldest of five children. Her parents were Frisians, and her father worked as an engineer. At two years old, she moved to the village of 't Harde, located across the border in Gelderland.[2][3] Her family belonged to the Reformed Church, and Kennedy attended an elementary school of that denomination in Dronten. As a child, she did gymnastics, played volleyball, and she learned to play the piano.[3][4] She went to the Greijdanus Secondary School in Zwolle, receiving her VWO diploma in 1989.[5]
Kennedy subsequently studied medical biology at the University of Amsterdam until her graduation in 1994.[6][7] While a student, she became politically active as a member of the Reformed Political League (GPV) – a precursor of the Christian Union. According to Kennedy, her interest in politics was minimal, but she joined the party in order to participate in a 1990 trip to the Soviet Union organized by the GPV's youth organization called the GPJC.[4] She later became chair of GPJC Amsterdam, and she presented the GPV's national campaign for the May 1994 general election.[6][7] Kennedy ran for the Amsterdam Municipal Council in the March 1994 local elections as the GPV's lead candidate. Prior to this moment, the conservative party had never managed to win a council seat in Amsterdam. Kennedy conceded that she did not expect to be elected, but explained that the campaign allowed the party to be recognized.[7] The GPV received 0.6% of the vote – not enough to claim a seat.[8]
Personal life
In 1991, she met her husband, James Carleton Kennedy, as they were both attending the Tituskapel in Amsterdam.[2] James had been born in 1963 in Orange City, Iowa, to an American father and a mother from Rotterdam. He was visiting the Netherlands on a Fulbright scholarship to write his dissertation about Dutch history.[9][10] The couple married on 9 August 1994 in the English Reformed Church, part of the Amsterdam Begijnhof. They spent four months in the Christian living community L'Abri in Eck en Wiel before moving to the United States in December.[2][11] They initially lived in Iowa City where James was completing his dissertation titled Building New Babylon: Cultural Change in the Netherlands During the 1960s at the University of Iowa. A translated version by Kennedy was published in 1995.[4][12][13] Unable to find a job in her field of study, Kennedy was employed by a women's shelter and did some secretarial work before setting up a travel agency called Eurotrail, organizing cycling trips in the Netherlands.[3][4] Kennedy moved to Holland, Michigan, – a city with a significant Dutch-American community – in 1997. She was also active as a translator for Hope College's A. C. Van Raalte Institute.[14][15] Kennedy's daughter was born in 1996, and two sons were born in 1998 and 2000.[16][17][18]
When James became a history professor at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in 2003, the family returned to the Netherlands after spending nine years in the United States,[6] settling in Amersfoort.[10] Throughout her political career, Kennedy kept organizing cycling trips for American tourists, operating under the name Hollandtrail.[19] She translated her husband's book called A Concise History of the Netherlands (2017).[2][20] Kennedy has remained a member of the Reformed Church, and her family has taken care of foster children.[6][21]
Amersfoort politics
Early career
Along with her religious life, Kennedy became active for the party in her new hometown of Amersfoort. She initially assisted its parliamentary group in the municipal council, and she participated in the March 2006 municipal elections in which the Christian Union won three seats.[4][22] Kennedy was not elected, but entered in the council on 18 April 2006, when Hans van Daalen vacated his seat to become an alderman in the new municipal executive.[23][24] Kennedy became her party's spokesperson for urban management, education, housing, economy, culture, tourism, recreation, and sports.[25]
As a councilor, she opposed an artistic porn festival that was planned to be organized in the city in the spring of 2007. She argued that it should not be held in a public space such that people would not be unintentionally confronted with sexually explicit content.[26] She co-filed a motion to not designate the event as "cultural" in order to withhold subsidies. It did not receive support from a council majority, but the subsidies were not granted in the end for a late application.[27] During her term, Kennedy also drew media attention for her knitting during council meetings. She told media outlets that she had transitioned from knitting below her desk to above it, responding to the positivity posed by the audience.[28] However, Kennedy announced in March 2007 that she would stop the practice to prevent leaving a disinterested impression.[29] In 2008, the Mondriaan House and the cultural foundation Amersfoort in C planned a merger for financial troubles from the Mondriaan House. Kennedy was critical of the foundation's plans to replace the collection of abstract constructivist and concrete art by works of local young artists. She argued in the council that the Mondriaan House should spend €160,000 ($240,000 USD) in subsidies on the acquisition of a climate system such that it could exhibit abstract works of art on loan.[30][31] After a private party offered money, a compromise was reached between Amersfoort in C and the Mondriaan House under which the abstract art would remain and the climate system would be purchased. Kennedy co-sponsored a motion to provide the municipal funding required to execute the plan.[32][33]
Kennedy was re-elected in March 2010 as the Christian Union's second candidate behind Van Daalen while the party retained its three seats.[34][35] Kennedy was chosen as the council's vice chairman, allowing her to preside over meetings in the absence of the mayor.[36] The new governing coalition consisted of the VVD, GroenLinks, D66, the CDA, and the local BPA party that stepped out in December. The Christian Union joined the remaining coalition parties seven weeks later after Kennedy had represented her party during the negotiations. She simultaneously succeeded Menno Tigelaar as the leader of the parliamentary group in the council, since Tigelaar joined the municipal executive.[37][38] As a coalition party, the Christian Union voted in favor of a round of spending cuts totaling €20 million ($30,000,000 USD). However, during the preceding budget talks, Kennedy complained about savings on basic services. Specifically, she highlighted the removal of swimming lessons from the primary school curriculum, the closings of several library locations and neighborhood centers, and the removal of transportation for disabled students 7 km (4 mi) from a school as painful.[39][40][41] The coalition fell again in December 2012 due to a conflict between the VVD and GroenLinks, and a new one was formed that excluded the Christian Union.[42][43]
Kennedy was the party's lead candidate in the March 2014 municipal elections in which the Christian Union increased its seat count from three to five.[44][45] The party entered into a new governing coalition with the VVD, D66, and the Labour Party.[46] Kennedy proposed to subsidize couples therapy for disadvantaged people, arguing that poverty and hardship resulting from divorces are costly to society.[47] The Christian Union also cooperated with three homeless shelters to connect homeless youth with families willing to take them into their home.[48] In 2017, a majority of the council voted in favor of a joint proposal by the party and the CDA to make it possible for troublemakers to be placed in a temporary house. However, some questions about its legality were later raised, as the measure would not be imposed by a judge.[49][50]
Refugee crisis
In 2015, Europe experienced an increased number of migrants entering the continent – partly as a result of the Syrian civil war. In an opinion article, Kennedy proposed to convert empty office buildings, schools, and healthcare facilities into cohousing units for refugees to divert demand away from the real estate market. She suggested that they could also temporarily house students, divorced parents, and people early in their career.[51][52] Some councilors criticized the plan, saying it would lead to clashes between different groups and ghettos in the city.[53] The idea was later brought into practice at several locations.[21][54] Kennedy herself had taken in a Syrian lesbian professor before the influx of refugees had started as suggested by her husband.[6][55] She created a Facebook group called Gastgezin Amersfoort (Host family Amersfoort) in September 2015 for people interested in volunteering for or housing refugees.[56] It grew to 800 members and became the center of coordinating volunteer work to aid refugees in the city.[6][57] On 30 September, a group of refugees stayed a week in an Amersfoort sports hall. They moved to an empty school building before being relocated on 11 November to an emergency shelter in Soesterberg.[58] She criticized the Central Agency for the Reception of Asylum Seekers (COA), saying that refugees were only given basic necessities. According to Kennedy, not providing refugees with language courses, activities, or a purpose destroyed them mentally.[57] Furthermore, she told that the move to Soesterberg challenged volunteers to enter in.[59]
Kennedy announced in May 2016 that she would cease volunteering for refugees, as she could no longer handle it. She believed that all asylum seekers in Soesterberg were depressed, and she encouraged others to take on the work.[60] Kennedy did continue some activities, connecting refugees with people willing to have them stay in their empty home during the summer holiday.[61] Kennedy received significant media attention for her refugee work, including from national publications.[6][57][59][62]
Final term
Kennedy sought a fourth term in the council of the March 2018 municipal elections as the Christian Union's lead candidate.[63] The party lost one of its five seats, while it had – in contrast to previous election cycles – competition from the Reformed Political Party (SGP).[64][65] Kennedy did not renominate herself as the council's vice chair after this election.[36] In May 2019, she announced that she would not run for re-election, citing term limits imposed by the party.[66] She already stepped down as parliamentary leader as of the start of the following year in order to focus on her career and on the national election campaign, being succeeded by Hans Bol.[67] Her final term ended on 29 March 2022 following municipal elections earlier that month.[68] On her last day in the council, the municipality awarded Kennedy the Sint-Jorispenning – a medal given to people who have significantly contributed to the city.[69][70] She had earlier become a member of the Order of Orange-Nassau in April 2017.[71] She received those honors for her career in local politics as well as for her volunteering and refugee work. Kennedy volunteered at De Kandelaar, a Reformed church; at the Amersfoort food bank; at Stadsring 51, a local credit counseling foundation; and at CJVV, a local football club. She also co-founded the Amersfoort diaconal charity fund in 2013.[69][72]
After her exit form local politics, Kennedy became a youth care worker for The Salvation Army, and she coordinated the sheltering of Ukrainian refugees following the Russian invasion of Ukraine as a location manager for the municipality. She fulfilled the latter role until November 2022.[24][73]
National and provincial politics
Permanent campaign and think tank
Upon her return to the Netherlands in 2003, Kennedy joined the Christian Union's permanent campaign and the party's women's working group called Inclusief as well as the board of trustees of its think tank.[74] She chaired a Christian Union working group on public art. Together with Arie Slob – a former House member – Kennedy argued that public spaces should not be used to showcase innovative and experimental art, calling such works incomprehensible to the general population. She then proposed to have more public art that reflects the ideology and history of the city itself. For her hometown of Amersfoort, she suggested erecting statues of statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (1547–1619) and painter Piet Mondrian (1872–1944), both born in the city.[75][76] Kennedy also wrote an opinion piece for de Volkskrant in that period, in which she criticized childcare benefits introduced by the 2004 Childcare Act. According to Kennedy, the government was financially punishing stay-at-home parents and subsidizing double-income families. She recommended a four-year benefit to be received by all parents to maximize freedom of choice.[77][78]
As part of the permanent campaign, Kennedy helped write the Christian Union's election program for general elections in 2006, 2010, and 2012.[79][80][81] During those elections, she also occupied places 12, 13, and 39 on the party list, respectively.[82][83][84] She ran for the Senatein May 2011 as the party's third candidate whilst mentioning the importance of personal responsibility. Kennedy was not elected due to the Christian Union losing two of its four Senate seats.[85][86][3] Kennedy co-authored a 2009 publication by Christian Union's think tank that called for a raise of the retirement age – contrary to the party's official position – to relieve younger families. The measure would generate additional tax income to prepare for upcoming costs. Kennedy stated that parents would not have to be pushed to work more and would therefore have enough time to spend with their families as well as participating in volunteering.[87][88] In 2012, during the European debt crisis, the Christian Union joined the VVD, the CDA, GroenLinks, and D66 in support of a budget that raised the retirement age from 65 to 67 years after the first Rutte cabinet had fallen.[89]
Kennedy never ran for a Senate seat in the 2015 election, saying she wanted to remain a councilor in Amersfoort in order to deal with new responsibilities that were given to municipalities as part of a decentralization effort. She considered herself to be too much like an activist,[6] and announced her candidacy for the 2017 general election as her children had become more independent. However, she was disappointed with her 22nd spot on the Christian Union's party list.[90][91] After the Christian Union joined the new governing coalition, Kennedy found the coalition agreement's statement on immigration too negative towards refugees, and she called on her party to execute it as leniently as possible.[92][93]
Having assisted previous campaigns, she first participated in an election for the European Parliamentin 2019 as the eighth candidate on the shared list Christian Union – Reformed Political Party (CU-SGP). Kennedy was not elected as the party won two seats, but she did receive 6,776 preference votes – more than any other candidate on the CU-SGP list after the third spot.[90][94] Kennedy previously criticized the Christian Union's 2009 decision to end its cooperation in the European Parliament with the Reformed Political Party (SGP). Her party had joined the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR), while the SGP had been barred from entering the political group by the British Conservative Party due to the SGP's internal ban on women holding political offices. Kennedy wrote that she had cooperated well with the SGP and that the Conservative Party was exhibiting the same intolerance it was accusing the SGP of by not allowing the SGP to join.[95][96] The SGP was eventually allowed in the ECR in 2014.[97]
Kennedy was the Christian Union's sixth candidate in the May 2019 Senate election, her party receiving four seats.[98][99] Following the death of Christian Union Senator Peter Ester on 11 December 2022, Kennedy was appointed as his successor due to her position on the party list during the last election. She was sworn into the Senate on 17 January 2023. Kennedy said that she would focus on helping vulnerable people in society, having a fair distribution of the tax burden, and preventing the government from interfering in the responsibilities of individuals and organizations.[100][101]
She was elected to the Provincial Council of Utrechtin March 2023 when the Christian Union won three seats and Kennedy had been placed third on the party list, and she was installed on 29 March.[102][103] Her Senate term came to an end after five months on 13 June 2023, as she had not run for re-election in May.[104][105]
^ abcdMeijer, Hilbert (11 June 2016). "Zelf vreemdeling geweest" [Been an alien herself]. Nederlands Dagblad (in Dutch). pp. 4–7.
^ abcdDe Vries, Huib (2 March 2011). "Een onafhankelijke politica" [An independent politician]. Terdege (in Dutch). pp. 18–22. Retrieved 14 April 2023 – via Digibron.
^ abcUbels, Ruud (16 February 1994). "Verkiezingen 1994" [1994 elections]. Nederlands Dagblad (in Dutch). p. 3. Retrieved 25 March 2023 – via Delpher.
^ ab"Gemeenteraad - 2 maart 1994" [Municipal council - 2 March 1994]. Databank Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Dutch Electoral Council. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
^ abRomanillos, Laura (23 January 2016). "'Dit soort onderwijs is het mooiste wat er is'" ['There is nothing more beautiful than this type of education']. AD Amersfoortse Courant (in Dutch). p. 13.
^"Familieberichten" [Family messages]. Nederlands Dagblad (in Dutch). 5 July 1994. Retrieved 25 March 2023 – via Delpher.
^Bruins Slot, Rob; Jansen Hendriks, Gerda (6 September 2005). "Holland Michigan". Andere Tijden (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 April 2023.
^Kennedy, Simone (17 February 2016). "Engel van Soesterberg" [Angel of Soesterberg]. AD Amersfoortse Courant (Interview) (in Dutch). Interviewed by Marco Willemse. p. 13.
^Bruinsma, Robin (7 February 2007). "'Porno mag niet open en bloot op straat'" ['Porn should not be allowed openly in the streets']. AD Amersfoorste Courant (in Dutch). p. 5.
^Kennedy, Simone (2 March 2018). "'Ik dacht: moet ik er niet mee stoppen?'" ['I was thinking: Should I quit?']. AD Amersfoorste Courant (Interview) (in Dutch). Interviewed by Artwin Kreekel. pp. 2–3.
^ abHardeman, Johan (29 March 2022). "Simone heeft huis altijd vol pleegkinderen en vluchtelingen" [Simone always has a house full of foster children and refugees]. AD Amersfoortse Courant (in Dutch). pp. 4–5.
^ ab"Gemeenteraad - 7 maart 2006" [Municipal council - 7 March 2006]. Databank Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Dutch Electoral Council. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
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^Hoving, Richard (29 November 2006). "ChristenUnie valt over kunstzinnig pornofestival" [Christian Union opposes artistic porn festival]. AD Amersfoortse Courant (in Dutch). p. 3.
^De Vries, Leo (14 February 2007). "Geen geld, wel vergunning voor pornofestival" [No money but a permit for porn festival]. AD Amersfoortse Courant (in Dutch). p. 3.
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^De Valk, Jeroen (20 September 2008). "Compromis Mondriaanhuis" [Compromise Mondriaan House]. AD Amersfoortse Courant (in Dutch). p. 3.
^De Valk, Jeroen (25 September 2008). "Geboortehuis kunstenaar krijgt museale status én airco - Amersfoort kiest voor culturele 'parels'" [Artist's birth house becomes a museum officially and receives air con – Amersfoort choose for cultural 'pearls']. AD Amersfoortse Courant (in Dutch). p. 2.
^ ab"Wethouder ChristenUnie ook lijsttrekker" [Christian Union alderman also lead candidate]. AD Amersfoortse Courant (in Dutch). 5 November 2009. p. 21.
^ ab"Gemeenteraad - 3 maart 2010" [Municipal council - 3 March 2010]. Databank Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Dutch Electoral Council. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
^ ab"CDA'er Van Koningsveld vice-voorzitter raad" [CDA member Van Koningsveld vice chair of the council]. AD Amersfoortse Courant (in Dutch). 26 April 2018. p. 9.
^De Vries, Leo (19 January 2011). "CU schuift moeiteloos in college" [CU joins municipal executive effortlessly]. AD Amersfoortse Courant (in Dutch). p. 2.
^Kennedy, Simone (24 February 2014). "'Het is echt heel eng wat allemaal op ons afkomt'" ['It is really scary what we are dealing with']. AD Amersfoortse Courant (Interview) (in Dutch). Interviewed by Eric van der Velden. p. 2.
^"ChristenUnie tegen afschaffen schoolzwemmen" [Christian Union against abolishing swimming lessons in school]. AD Amersfoortse Courant (in Dutch). 2 November 2010. p. 3.
^De Vries, Leo (10 May 2011). "Meer verzet tegen snoeien" [Increased opposition against cuts]. AD Amersfoortse Courant (in Dutch). p. 1.
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^ ab"ChristenUnie kiest Kennedy" [Christian Union chooses Kennedy]. AD Amersfoortse Courant (in Dutch). 19 October 2013. p. 21.
^ ab"Gemeenteraad - 19 maart 2014" [Municipal council - 19 March 2024]. Databank Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Dutch Electoral Council. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
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^"CU bepleit subsidie therapie" [CU advocates subsidies for therapy]. AD Amersfoortse Courant (in Dutch). 21 June 2014. p. 24.
^Kreekel, Artwin (23 December 2014). "'Zwerfjongere in huis'" ['Homeless youth at home']. AD Amersfoortse Courant (in Dutch). p. 1.
^Kennedy-Doornbos, Simone; Wijmenga, Laurens (4 September 2015). "Co-housing biedt ruimte voor vluchtelingen" [Cohousing provides space for refugees]. Trouw (in Dutch). Retrieved 29 March 2023.
^"Opvang in kantoren" [Shelter in offices]. Amersfoort Nu (in Dutch). 2 September 2015.
^De Vries, Leo (17 September 2015). "Plan ChristenUnie voor cohousing oogst lof, maar ook kritiek" [Cohousing plan Christian Union receives praise but also criticism]. AD Amersfoortse Courant (in Dutch). p. 3.
^ abKennedy, Simone (13 February 2016). "'Ieder mens heeft recht op een beetje warmte'" ['Every human is entitled to a little bit of warmth']. AD Amersfoortse Courant (Interview) (in Dutch). Interviewed by Marco Willemse. pp. 6–7.
^Van Kommer, Rachel (12 May 2016). "'Het gaat niet goed in azc Zeist'" ['It is not going well in the Zeist asylum seekers' center']. Algemeen Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 30 March 2023.
^ ab"Gemeenteraad - 21 maart 2018" [Municipal council - 21 March 2018]. Databank Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Dutch Electoral Council. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
^"Beelden van bekende stedelingen" [Statues of well-known citizens]. Utrechts Nieuwsblad (in Dutch). 20 October 2004. p. AS1.
^Kennedy-Doornbos, Simone (13 October 2005). "Kind belangrijker dan economie" [Child more important than economy]. de Volkskrant (in Dutch). Retrieved 9 April 2023.
^"Wet kinderopvang" [Childcare Act]. Senate (in Dutch). Retrieved 9 April 2023.
^ ab"Uitslag Tweede Kamerverkiezing 2010" [Results 2010 general election] (PDF). Dutch Electoral Council (in Dutch). 16 June 2010. pp. 36–37. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
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^ ab"Uitslag Eerste Kamerverkiezingen 2011" [Results 2011 Senate election] (PDF). Senate (in Dutch). Dutch Electoral Council. 25 May 2011. pp. 28–29. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
^Sloot, Eduard (12 February 2009). "Nieuw CU-denktank wil hogere AOW-leeftijd" [New CU think tank wants to raise the retirement age]. Nederlands Dagblad (in Dutch). p. 9.
^Mouissie, Sjoerd (22 November 2017). "Leden CU willen verruiming van asielafspraken" [CU members want asylum agreements to be broadened]. Nederlands Dagblad (in Dutch). p. 1.
^"CU had SGP niet mogen loslaten" [CU should not have let SGP go]. Reformatorisch Dagblad (in Dutch). 2 July 2009. p. 5. Retrieved 13 April 2023 – via Digibron.
