Sima (geology)

Sima often takes the form of basalt when on the surface

In geology, sima (/ˈsaɪmə/) is an antiquated[1] blended term for the lower layer of Earth's crust. This layer is made of rocks rich in magnesium silicate minerals. Typically, when the sima comes to the surface, it is basalt, so sometimes this layer is called the 'ocean layer' of the crust. The sima layer is also called the 'basal crust' or 'basal layer' because it is the lowest layer of the crust. Because the ocean floors are mainly sima, it is also sometimes called the 'oceanic crust'.

The name 'sima' was taken from the first two letters of silica and of magnesia.

Comparable is the term sial (another antiquated blended term),[2] which is the name for the upper layer of Earth's crust (continental crust) , namely rocks rich in aluminium silicate minerals.

Petrology

The sima has a higher density (2800 to 3300 kg/m3) than the sial, which is due to larger amounts of iron and magnesium, and smaller amounts of aluminium. When the denser sima comes to the surface it forms mafic rocks, or rocks with mafic minerals. The most dense sima has less silica and forms ultramafic rocks.

See also

Look up sima in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

References

  1. ^ Cawood, Peter A.; Chowdhury, Priyadarshi; Mulder, Jacob A.; Hawkesworth, Chris J.; Capitanio, Fabio A.; Gunawardana, Prasanna M.; Nebel, Oliver (2022). "Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth System". Reviews of Geophysics. 60 (4). Bibcode:2022RvGeo..6000789C. doi:10.1029/2022RG000789. hdl:2440/137671. ISSN 8755-1209.
  2. ^ Cawood, Peter A.; Chowdhury, Priyadarshi; Mulder, Jacob A.; Hawkesworth, Chris J.; Capitanio, Fabio A.; Gunawardana, Prasanna M.; Nebel, Oliver (2022). "Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth System". Reviews of Geophysics. 60 (4). Bibcode:2022RvGeo..6000789C. doi:10.1029/2022RG000789. hdl:2440/137671. ISSN 8755-1209.
  • Bates, R.L., and Jackson, J.A., (1987) Glossary of geology American Geological Institute, Alexandria, Virginia.
  • Cottingham, Kenneth. “The Geologist's Vocabulary.” The Scientific Monthly, vol. 72, no. 3, 1951, pp. 154–163. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/20222. Accessed 19 June 2020.
  • Dilek, Y. and Newcomb, S. (eds.) (2003) Ophiolite Concept and the Evolution of Geological Thought Geological Society of America Special Paper 373, Boulder, Colorado.

Read other articles:

Sukhoi Su-1

Sukhoi Su-1 atau I-330 (Rusia: Сухой Су-1) adalah prototipe pesawat tempur ketinggian tinggi Soviet dibangun pada awal Perang Dunia II. Sebuah versi perbaikan, dinamakan Su-3 (I-360), juga dibangun dan diuji pada tahun berikutnya. Versi keduanya itu diproduksi massal. Pavel O Sukhoi mendirikan OKB (Biro Desan Eksperimental) sendiri pada Desember 1938, dan pada awal tahun berikutnya dia menyetujui sebuah tugas untuk mendesain pesawat tempur altitude-tinggi satu-kursi canggih. Awalnya de...

 

Boli (TV series)

Bangladeshi crime drama streaming television series BoliBengaliবলি GenreCrime DramaCreated by Sarder Saniat Hossain Robiul Alam Robi Naseef Faruque Amin Directed byShankha Dasgupta[1]Starring Chanchal Chowdhury Sohana Saba Theme music composerEmon ChowdhuryOpening themeBOLI by Tanzir TuhinComposerEmon ChowdhuryCountry of originBangladeshOriginal languageBengaliNo. of seasons1No. of episodes7ProductionExecutive producers Zakia Rashid Meem Robiul Alam Robi Dip Saha Producers Iresh...

 

Jesiel Cardoso Miranda

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada November 2022. Jesiel Cardoso MirandaInformasi pribadiNama lengkap Jesiel Cardoso MirandaTanggal lahir 5 Maret 1994 (umur 30)Tempat lahir BrasilTinggi 1,86 m (6 ft 1 in)Posisi bermain BekInformasi klubKlub saat ini Kawasaki FrontaleKarier senior*...

1986 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's long jump

1986 European Athletics Indoor ChampionshipsTrack events60 mmenwomen200 mmenwomen400 mmenwomen800 mmenwomen1500 mmenwomen3000 mmenwomen60 m hurdlesmenwomenField eventsHigh jumpmenwomenPole vaultmenLong jumpmenwomenTriple jumpmenShot putmenwomenvte The women's long jump event at the 1986 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on 22 February.[1][2] Results Rank Name Nationality #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 Result Notes Heike Drechsler  East Germany 6.95 7.05 7.18 7.18 x 7.1...

 

Cynon Valley

Former coal mining valley in Wales Cynon ValleyCynon Valley district (1974-1996) shown within WalesArea • 197444,639 acres (180.65 km2)[1] Population • 197369,630[2] • 199265,600[3] History • Created1 April 1974 • Abolished31 March 1996 • Succeeded byRhondda Cynon Taf StatusDistrict, Borough • HQAberdare (Welsh: Aberdâr) River Cynon from Abercynon bridge Cynon Valley (Welsh: ...

 

Superwoman (Alicia Keys song)

2008 single by Alicia KeysSuperwomanSingle by Alicia Keysfrom the album As I Am B-sideTeenage Love AffairReleasedJuly 29, 2008Studio Oven Pie (Glen Cove) Legacy (New York City) Conway (Los Angeles) GenreSoulR&BLength 4:34 (album version) 4:04 (radio edit) LabelJSongwriter(s)Alicia KeysLinda PerrySteve MostynProducer(s)Alicia KeysKerry Krucial BrothersAlicia Keys singles chronology Teenage Love Affair (2008) Superwoman (2008) Another Way to Die (2008) Music videoSuperwoman on YouTube Super...

Warner Records

Warner Records (atau Warner Bros.) adalah perusahaan rekaman yang merupakan cabang dari perusahaan multinasional Warner Music Group. Warner Bros. berbasis di Burbank, California, Amerika Serikat. Warner Bros. banyak melabeli musisi-musisi tingkat Internasional. Pranala luar Situs web resmi Channel Warner Bros. di YouTube Artikel bertopik perusahaan ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.lbs

 

Karl Schmidt-Rottluff

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento pittori tedeschi non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Karl Schmidt-Rottluff Karl Schmidt-Rottluff (Rottluff, 1º dicembre 1884 – Berlino, 10 agosto 1976) è stato un pittore tedesco. Biografia Künstlergemeinschaft Karl Schmidt nacque a Rottluff, vicino a Chemnitz in Sassonia, il 1º dicembre 1884 e si fe...

 

Daftar Bupati Minahasa Tenggara

Bupati Kabupaten Minahasa TenggaraPetahanaRonald Sorongan (Pj.)sejak 25 September 2023Masa jabatanLima tahunDibentuk2007Pejabat pertamaTelly TjanggulungSitus webmitrakab.go.id Berikut ini adalah daftar bupati Minahasa Tenggara yang menjabat sejak pembentukannya pada tahun 2007. No. Foto Nama Mulai jabatan Akhir jabatan Prd. Wakil Bupati Ket. 1 Telly Tjanggulung 24 September 2008 2013 1 Drs.Jeremia Damongilala [1] 2 James SumendapS.H. 24 September 2013 25 September 2018 2 Ronald K...

Leh–Manali Highway

High elevation mountain highway in India This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Leh–Manali Highway – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Leh-Manali HighwayTaglang La pass, Elevation: 5359 m (17,582 ft)Route informationLength428...

 

1844 Chicago mayoral elections

Elections Elections in Illinois Federal government U.S. Presidential elections 1820 1824 1828 1832 1836 1840 1844 1848 1852 1856 1860 1864 1868 1872 1876 1880 1884 1888 1892 1896 1900 1904 1908 1912 1916 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1940 1944 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 Dem 2000 Dem 2004 Dem 2008 Dem Rep 2012 Dem Rep 2016 Dem Rep 2020 Dem Rep 2024 Dem Rep U.S. Senate elections 1818 1819 1823 1824 1824 sp 1825 1830 sp 1831 1835 1837 1843 1846 1849 1849 sp 1853 ...

 

Club Deportivo Saprissa

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando la cantera della squadra, vedi Saprissa de Corazón JVC. Deportivo SaprissaCalcio Monstruo morado, la S, Los Vezzas de la Costa, Viola Mostro, Il Campione Segni distintiviUniformi di gara Casa Trasferta Terza divisa Colori socialiViola, bianco SimboliDrago Dati societariCittàSan José Nazione Costa Rica ConfederazioneCONCACAF Federazione FEDEFUTBOL CampionatoPrimera División Fondazione1935 Proprietario Horizonte Morado Presidente Juan Carlos Rojas ...

Sacra Famiglia sotto la quercia

Sacra Famiglia sotto la querciaAutoreRaffaello Sanzio e aiuti Data1518 circa Tecnicaolio su tavola Dimensioni144×110 cm UbicazioneMuseo del Prado, Madrid La Sacra Famiglia sotto la quercia (o Madonna della Quercia) è un dipinto a olio su tavola (144x110 cm) di Raffaello Sanzio e aiuti, databile al 1518 circa e conservato nel Museo del Prado di Madrid. Indice 1 Storia 2 Descrizione e stile 3 Note 4 Bibliografia 5 Altri progetti 6 Collegamenti esterni Storia La datazione si basa su carat...

 

Susan and God

1940 film by George Cukor Susan and Godtheatrical release posterDirected byGeorge CukorScreenplay byAnita LoosBased onSusan and God1937 playby Rachel Crothers[1]Produced byHunt StrombergStarringJoan CrawfordFredric MarchCinematographyRobert H. PlanckEdited byWilliam H. TerhuneMusic byHerbert StothartProductioncompanyMetro-Goldwyn-MayerDistributed byLoew's Inc.Release date June 7, 1940 (1940-06-07) (US) Running time117 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishBudget...

 

Rosario Strait

Waterway connecting the straits of Juan de Fuca and Georgia in northwest Washington, USA 48°30′N 122°45′W / 48.5°N 122.75°W / 48.5; -122.75 Rosario Strait connects the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the Strait of Georgia, east of the main San Juan Islands. This map follows the USGS definition of the strait. Major islands are named. Rosario Strait is a strait in northern Washington state, separating San Juan County and Skagit and Whatcom Counties. It extends from th...

韶关市

韶关市韶地级市左上：韶州府学宫 右上：风采楼左下：韶关站 右下：南华寺韶关市在广东省的地理位置坐标：24°48′39″N 113°35′48″E / 24.8108°N 113.5966°E / 24.8108; 113.5966国家 中华人民共和国省广东省設立1975年11月語源韶石山、清朝韶州城内三税关（太平关、遇仙桥关、旱关）政府駐地浈江区下级行政区3市辖区、2县级市、4县、1自治县政府 • 市...

 

Identity (mathematics)

Equation that is satisfied for all values of the variables Not to be confused with identity element, identity function, or identity matrix. Visual proof of the Pythagorean identity: for any angle θ {\displaystyle \theta } , the point ( x , y ) = ( cos ⁡ θ , sin ⁡ θ ) {\displaystyle (x,y)=(\cos \theta ,\sin \theta )} lies on the unit circle, which satisfies the equation x 2 + y 2 = 1 {\displaystyle x^{2}+y^{2}=1} . Thus, cos 2 ⁡ θ + sin 2 Ȇ...

 

Windsor, Berkshire

Windsor Jembatan Windsor, Windsor dan Kastel Windsor Population 32.608 2018 Otoritas uniter Windsor dan Maidenhead County seremonial Berkshire Region Negara konstituen Inggris Negara berdaulat Britania Raya Kota pos WINDSOR Distrik kode pos SL4 Kode telepon 01753 Polisi Pemadam kebakaran Ambulans Parlemen UE South East, Inggris Parlemen Britania Raya Windsor Daftar tempat: Britania Raya • Inggris • Windsor adalah sebuah kota pasar ya...

2018 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships – Women's K-1 5000 metres

Women's K-1 5000 metres at the 2018 ICF Canoe SprintWorld ChampionshipsVenueCentro de Alto Rendimentode Montemor-o-VelhoLocationMontemor-o-Velho, PortugalDates26 AugustCompetitors26 from 26 nationsWinning time24:01.737Medalists  Lizzie Broughton   Great Britain Maryna Litvinchuk   Belarus Jennifer Egan   Ireland← 20172019 → 2018 ICF Canoe SprintWorld ChampionshipsCanadian eventsC-1 200mmenwomenC-1 500...

 

Manfredi di Sicilia

Manfredi di SiciliaMiniatura di Manfredi tratta dalla Bibbia da lui commissionata, XIII secoloRe di SiciliaStemma In carica10 agosto 1258 –26 febbraio 1266 Incoronazione10 agosto 1258, Cattedrale di Palermo PredecessoreCorrado II SuccessoreCarlo I Reggente del Regno di SiciliaIn carica13 dicembre 1250 –10 agosto 1258(in nome di Corrado I e Corrado II) Nome completoManfredi di Hohenstaufen Altri titoliPrincipe di TarantoConte di Matera Nascita1232 MorteBenevento, 26 febbrai...