The Shrine of Our Lady of Madhu is a Roman CatholicMarian shrine in Mannar district of Sri Lanka. With a history of more than 400 years, the shrine acts as a center of pilgrimage and worship for Sri Lankan Catholics.[1] The site is considered as the holiest Catholic shrine in the island[2] and is a well known place of devotion for both Tamil and Sinhalese Catholics.[3] The church has been a symbol of unity not just between Tamils and Sinhalese but also between people of different religions, including Buddhists, Hindus and Protestants.[4]
Attendance for the August festival at times almost reached one million people before the outbreak of the Sri Lankan Civil War.[1] Situated in the heart of the conflict zone, pilgrimage to this shrine was dramatically affected by the civil war with the presence of refugee camps around the shrine complex.[2] It was shelled a number of times.
The Dutch invasion in 1670 and the ensuing persecution of the Catholic Church[7] led to 20 Catholic families fleeing from Manthai, along with the statue of Mary in that church to the safer locale of Madhu.[8] About the same time another 700 Catholics migrated from the Jaffna peninsula into Wanni forests. When these two communities met in Madhu, they installed a new shrine with the statue.[6]
Expansions
With the revival of the Catholic faith by missionaries such as Joseph Vaz, Oratorian priests expanded the small shrine in the late 17th century.[6] With the arrival of the British to the island, anti-Catholic persecution ceased, but the number of Catholics remained small with just 50,000 members in 1796.[7] In spite of such a small community, the shrine at Madhu began attracting pilgrims from all over the country.[6] The stifling of Jesuit authority which had been established in South Asia in 1773[9] eventually led to the suppression of the Society of Jesus in Madhu by 1834.[6] The building of the new church was initiated by Bishop Bonjean in 1872 and his successors built a facade, a spacious presbytery, a restful chapel of the Blessed Sacrament and a grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes.[8]
The church was consecrated in 1944 during World War II. In preparation for the consecration ceremony, a marble altar replaced the old wooden structure and the whole sanctuary was covered with white and blue marble. In spite of travel restrictions and difficulty finding transportation, more than 30,000 people came to the jungle shrine.[6]
The penitential tour
The statue of Our Lady of Madhu has been taken for procession thrice to the parishes in Sri Lanka, in 1948, 1974 and 2001. The latter was as a spiritual effort to encourage Catholics in Sri Lanka to pray for peace and an end to the civil war.[8]
Feast day at Madhu
In 1870, the new bishop arranged an annual festival to be celebrated on 2 July.[6] However, in recent years the 15 August festival has drawn the biggest crowds as it is one of the most hallowed days for Catholics, the feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary into heaven, and it comes during school holidays when entire families can make the trip.[1]
The shrine has housed thousands of refugees since 1990.[11] In the autumn of 1999, more than 10,000 refugees took shelter in the Madhu area, which was seen as a demilitarised zone.[3]
On November 20, 1999, the area was shelled, killing 44 people and injuring more than 60; each side blamed the other.[11][12][13] Catholic bishops called for the Madhu area to be a demilitarised zone with guaranteed security for pilgrims and the 15,000 refugees taking shelter.[11] When the violence escalated, the civilians sheltered in the premises had to flee further north; the statue itself had to be moved because of repeated shelling.[4]
In 2008, Sri lankan forces shelled on the church during the final war even though the place was well known refugee camp. [1]
In 2009, the civil war ended with the government taking control.
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