Shmuel Rodensky

Shmuel Rodensky
שמואל רודנסקי
Rodensky on the set of
Tevye and His Seven Daughters, 1967
Born(1902-12-10)December 10, 1902
Smorgon, Russian Empire
DiedJuly 18, 1989(1989-07-18) (aged 86)
Tel Aviv, Israel
OccupationActor
Years active1928–1988
Known forThe Three Shmuliks and Die Kleine Mentshalach at Habima Theatre
Tevye in Anatevka (German production of Fiddler on the Roof)
Spouse
​
(m. 1928)​

Shmuel Rodensky (Hebrew: שמואל רודנסקי, 10 December 1902[a] – 18 July 1989)[5] was a Russian-born Israeli actor whose stage, film, and television career in Israel and West Germany spanned six decades. He immigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1924 and studied drama at the Eretz Israel Theatre in Tel Aviv. After performing with several theatre companies between 1928 and 1948, he joined Habima Theatre in 1949 and became one of its principal players. He was known as "the Israeli Laurence Olivier". In 1968 Rodensky traveled to Hamburg to join the German-language production of Fiddler on the Roof (titled Anatevka), playing the lead role of Tevye the Dairyman. He performed this role more than 1,400 times throughout West Germany and Switzerland. His notable film roles include the lead in the 1968 Israeli film Tevye and His Seven Daughters,[6] Simon Wiesenthal in the 1974 Anglo-German film The Odessa File, and Jethro in the 1974 BBC television miniseries Moses the Lawgiver. He was the recipient of numerous honors in both Israel and West Germany, including the Federal Service Cross from the Federal Republic of Germany and the Israel Prize.

Early life

Shmuel Rodensky was born in Smorgon, Russian Empire,[b] in 1902.[2][6] During World War I he fled to Ukraine, but was expelled from the country during the Russian Revolution.[1] He then traveled to Poland, entered Hamburg, Germany, on a forged Polish passport, and finally immigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1924.[1][2]

Stage career

Bust of Shmuel Rodensky at the Habima Theatre

In his early years in Mandatory Palestine, Rodensky was employed in draining swamps, field work, and construction.[1][2] He studied at the studio of drama at the Eretz Israel Theatre in Tel Aviv and performed with a number of theatre companies between 1928 and 1948, including the Eretz Israel Theatre, Hakumkum (The Kettle), and Hamatate (The Broom).[2] In 1949 he responded to a newspaper advertisement seeking new performers at the Habima Theatre in Tel Aviv and became one of that theatre's principal players.[1][6] He was known as "the Israeli Laurence Olivier".[7]

At Habima, Rodensky performed a wide variety of dramatic roles,[2] including Iago in Othello and the cardinal in The Deputy.[1] He also performed satire, as in Ephraim Kishon's 1953 play Yiddishpiel.[8]

Rodensky formed several artistic partnerships. He and another Habima actor named Shmuel, Shmuel Segal, created a Yiddish-speaking comedic team called The Shmuliks;[9] they were later joined by a third Habima actor, Shmuel Atzmon. The Three Shmuliks performed in Israel and abroad.[10][11] In 1985, The Three Shmuliks were part of the Israeli delegation of actors, writers, and public figures invited by the Polish government to the 35th-anniversary celebration of the Yiddish State Theater in Warsaw.[10][12] With Segal and another Habima actor named Goldenberg, Rodensky was also a member of Die Kleine Mentshalach ("The Little People"), a Yiddish-language trio that performed dramatic readings of works by Sholem Aleichem.[11][13] Rodensky formed a third, satirical trio with Jacob Timen and Esther Gamlielit of Hamatate (The Broom Theater).[14]

Tevye the Dairyman

In 1965, Rodensky replaced Bomba Tzur in the role of Tevye the Dairyman in the second year of the Israeli production of the musical Fiddler on the Roof, staged at the Godik Theater.[2][15] Rodensky went on to appear in 350 performances in Israel.[16] During a 10–week absence due to illness, Rodensky was replaced by Chaim Topol, launching Topol's own career as Tevye on stage and screen.[17] Rodensky briefly acted in a Yiddish-language production of the musical which was not as successful as the Hebrew-language ones.[18] Rodensky reprised the role of Tevye on screen in the 1968 Israeli film Tevye and His Seven Daughters.[6]

In 1968 Rodensky traveled to Hamburg to join the German-language production of Fiddler on the Roof, titled Anatevka, which premiered on February 1.[16] Rodensky became popular throughout West Germany for his portrayal of Tevye, performing the role more than 1,400 times.[2][19] He also toured with a production in Switzerland.[2] He appeared on the German-language recording of the Hamburg premiere.[20]

On September 4, 1972, the evening before a Palestinian terrorist group infiltrated the Israeli Olympic athletes' quarters during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, the Israeli team attended a German-language performance of Fiddler on the Roof at the Deutsches Theater in Munich as guests of Rodensky, the lead actor.[21] The Israelis received glasses of wine during the intermission and posed for pictures with Rodensky.[7]

The last play in which Rodensky acted was "The Spine", which premiered on January 10, 1988 at the Habima Theatre. He played the role of Dr. Willy. The production ran for only seven performances and then was closed in deference to Rodensky's illness.[2] Rodensky died the following year.[2]

Film and television

Rodensky first appeared on screen in the 1935 Israeli film Zot Hi Ha'aretz (This is the Land).[6] He was cast as Reb Pinchas in the Israeli film Shnei Kuni Lemel (The Flying Matchmaker), which was the Israeli entry for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1966.[22] Other notable roles included Tevye in the 1968 Israeli film Tevye and His Seven Daughters,[6] Simon Wiesenthal in the 1974 Anglo-German film The Odessa File, and Jethro in the BBC television miniseries Moses the Lawgiver. Rodensky appeared in other film and television roles in West Germany and Switzerland.[6][23][24]

Honors and awards

Rodensky received numerous honors and awards in Israel and West Germany.[2] In 1983 he received the Federal Service Cross from the Federal Republic of Germany,[25] and the Rudolf Küstermeier Prize in Tel Aviv, the latter recognizing his contribution to "the interpretation of Israeli culture in West Germany".[26]

Rodensky was named a Worthy Citizen of Tel Aviv in 1982. He received the Israel Prize for lifetime achievement in 1983 and the Meyer Margalit Prize in 1984.[2]

President of Germany Gustav Heinemann praised Rodensky as "Israel's greatest ambassador of reconciliation".[27]

Personal life

Plaque outside the home where Rodensky and his wife lived in Tel Aviv

Rodensky met his wife, stage actress Raya Nura Shein, when both were studying at the Eretz Israel Theatre. They married in 1928.[2]

Rodensky died of a heart attack in Tel Aviv on 18 July 1989. Notwithstanding his fame, he died impoverished.[27]

In 2001–2002 the Tel Aviv Municipality affixed a memorial plaque to Rodensky's home at 1 Rachel Street as part of its effort to honor artists and intellectuals who had resided in the city.[28]

Filmography

Film
Year Title Role Notes
1935 Zot Hi Ha'aretz (This is the Land)
1956 Ma'aseh B'Monit (Tel Aviv Taxi) Boss
1963 Rak Ba'Lira (A Pound a Piece)
1964 Sallah Shabati
Ha-Etmol Shel Maher (Tomorrow's Yesterday)
1965 Impossible on Saturday
Shabbat Hamalka (The Sabbath Queen)
1966 Shnei Kuni Lemel (The Flying Matchmaker) Reb Pinchas
1968 Tuviya VeSheva B'notav (Tevye and His Seven Daughters) Tevye
1970 Heintje – Mein bester Freund Aljoscha
1971 Katz V'Carasso (Katz and Carasso) Shmuel Katz
1973 Scorpio Lang
Libero Himself
1974 The Odessa File Simon Wiesenthal
1976 The Sell Out Zafron
1977 Operation Thunderbolt Dr. Weissberg
Hershele Canak
Doda Clara (Aunt Clara) Meir
1978 Der Gehilfe Morris Bober TV movie
1979 Jesus Annas
1986 Alex Holeh Ahavah (Alex is Lovesick) Rabbi (final film role)
Television
Year Title Role Notes
1973 Rückstände Sachs
1974 Moses the Lawgiver Jethro
1981 Silas Bartolin
1985 Levin und Gutman Sammy Levin German miniseries, 11 episodes

Sources:[29][30][31]

Discography

Rodensky's recordings include:[32]

Albums

  • Shmuel Rodensky Singt Lieder Seiner Heimat In Deutscher Sprache [Shmuel Rodensky Sings Songs of His Homeland in German Language] (1968)
  • Anatevka (Deutsche Originalaufnahme) (Anatevka original German-language recording) (1968)
  • Shmuel Rodensky Liest Satiren Von Ephraim Kishon (Shmuel Rodensky Reads Satires by Ephraim Kishon) (1974)

Singles

Notes

  1. ^ According to the Munzinger-Archiv, Rodensky did not have a birth certificate and did not know his birthdate or birthplace.[1] Israeli sources list Rodensky's birth year as 1902,[2][3] while German sources give it as 1904[4] or 1906.[1]
  2. ^ According to German biographical indices, he was born in Vilnius.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Shmuel Rodensky". Munzinger. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Lev-Ari, Shimon. "Rodenski, Shmuel". Directory of 100 Years of the Hebrew Theatre (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv University. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  3. ^ "Record View: Rodensky, Shmuel". National Library of Israel. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
  4. ^ "Biografie: Shmuel Rodensky" (in German). whoswho.de. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
  5. ^ Shmuel Rodensky. WorldCat. Retrieved 9 Nov 2024.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Kronish & Safirman 2003, p. 208.
  7. ^ a b Reeve 2000, p. xiii.
  8. ^ "His Name is Binyumin". Yiddishpiel Theater. 2014. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  9. ^ Goldberg, Yaniv (2012). "Ephraim Kishon's 'Lefi Ratzon' – 'As Much As You Like': The Metamorphosis of a Skit Across Languages and Cultures" (PDF). Israel Journal of Humor Research. 1 (2): 54.
  10. ^ a b Cashman, Greer Fay (16 February 2016). "Yiddish is Alive and Well in Tel Aviv". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
  11. ^ a b Who's Who in Israel. P. Mamut. 1961. p. 137.
  12. ^ Jewish Telegraphic Agency (11 October 1985). "Polish Gov't. Will Observe 35th Year of Yiddish Theater". The Jewish Floridian. p. 9A.
  13. ^ "March 22". Jewish Currents. 35: 20. 1981.
  14. ^ Shahar, Nathan (1 March 2009). "Esther Gamlielit". Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  15. ^ Isenberg 2014, p. 80.
  16. ^ a b Isenberg 2014, p. 170.
  17. ^ Slater, Robert (6 February 2013). "One More Fiddle for the Road". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  18. ^ Canaan, Don (31 March 2015). "Topol Awarded Israel Prize". Israel Faxx. Retrieved 7 November 2023 – via TheFreeLibrary.
  19. ^ Singer, David (1991). American Jewish Yearbook 1991. Vol. 91. American Jewish Committee. p. 422. ISBN 9780827604025.
  20. ^ "Teldec, Polydor on Musical LP Swing". Billboard. 2 March 1968. p. 41. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
  21. ^ Groussard, Serge (1975). The Blood of Israel: The massacre of the Israeli athletes, the Olympics, 1972. W. Morrow. p. 10. ISBN 9780688029104.
  22. ^ Tugend, Tom (18 May 2016). "LAJFF celebrates 50 years of Kuni Lemel". The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
  23. ^ "DIESE WOCHE IM FERNSEHEN" [This Week on Television]. Der Spiegel (in German). 15 October 1973. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  24. ^ "1968 Newsreels". Das Bundesarchiv. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  25. ^ "Central Europe: Federal Republic of Germany". American Jewish Yearbook (PDF). Vol. 84. American Jewish Committee and Jewish Publication Society of America. 1983. p. 208.
  26. ^ "Israeli Artists Win Prize" (PDF). AJR Information. 38 (8). Association of Jewish Refugees: 3. August 1983.
  27. ^ a b "Gestorben: Shmuel Rodensky" [Died: Shmuel Rodensky]. Der Spiegel (in German). 24 July 1989. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
  28. ^ Hacohen, David (1 April 2002). "שייקה אופיר, בארי 46, ת"א" [Shaike Ophir, Be'eri 46, Tel Aviv]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  29. ^ Kronish & Safirman 2003, pp. 28, 111, 137, 138, 141, 208.
  30. ^ Gifford 2016, pp. 849, 862.
  31. ^ "Shmuel Rodensky". Internet Movie Database. 2018. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  32. ^ "Shmuel Rodensky Discography". discogs.com. 2018. Retrieved 2 September 2018.

Sources

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shmuel Rodensky.

Read other articles:

Brittany Murphy

Brittany MurphyMurphy pada 26 November 2006 London premiere pada Happy FeetLahirBrittany Anne Bertolotti[1](1977-11-10)10 November 1977Atlanta, Georgia, Amerika SerikatMeninggal20 Desember 2009(2009-12-20) (umur 32)Los Angeles, California, Amerika SerikatSebab meninggalPneumonia dan anaemia[2]MakamForest Lawn Memorial ParkLos Angeles, California, Amerika SerikatBright Eternity, Lot 7402, Grave 1[3]34°08′39″N 118°19′11″W / 34.14414°...

 

BlacKkKlansman

BlacKkKlansmanPoster film BlacKkKlansmanSutradaraSpike LeeProduserJason BlumSpike LeeRaymond MansfieldSean McKittrickJordan PeeleShaun RedickDitulis olehCharlie WachtelDavid RabinowitzKevin WillmottSpike LeeBerdasarkanBlack Klansmanoleh Ron StallworthPemeranJohn David WashingtonAdam DriverLaura HarrierTopher GracePenata musikTerence BlanchardSinematograferChayse IrvinPenyuntingBarry Alexander BrownPerusahaanproduksiLegendary EntertainmentBlumhouse ProductionsMonkeypaw ProductionsQC Ente...

 

Royal Rumble (1989)

Royal Rumble 1989Main event 30-Man Royal Rumble MatchInformationsFédération World Wrestling FederationDate 15 janvier 1989Spectateurs 19 000[1] personnesLieu The SummitVille(s) Houston, TexasChronologie des événementsSurvivor Series 1988WrestleMania VChronologie des Royal RumbleRoyal Rumble 1988Royal Rumble (1990)modifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Royal Rumble 1989 est le deuxième Royal Rumble, pay-per-view de catch de la World Wrestling Entertainment, et le premier à...

Shinkansen seri E3

Shinkansen E3Shinkansen seri E3 Tsubasa di [[Stasiun Ōmiya (Saitama) |Stasiun Omiya]]Beroperasi1997–sekarangPembuatKawasaki Heavy Industries, Tokyu Car CorporationJenisMini-shinkansenDigantikan olehSeri 400Tahun pembuatan1995–2009Tahun diafkirkan2013–Jumlah sudah diproduksi261 kereta (41 rangkaian)Jumlah beroperasi129 kereta (19 rangkaian) (hingga 1 Oktober 2016[update])Jumlah diafkirkan132 keretaFormasi6–7 kereta per rangkaianNomor armadaR1–R26, L51–L55, L61–...

 

Unités de résistance de Sinjar

Unités de résistance de SinjarYBŞ Idéologie Confédéralisme démocratique Objectifs Protection des populations yézidies Statut Actif Site web ybs-yjs.com Fondation Date de formation 2014 Pays d'origine Irak Actions Zone d'opération Kurdistan irakien Organisation Chefs principaux Sheikh Khairy Khedr †Mazlum Shengal Membres 6 000[1] Groupe relié PKK, YJÊ, HPG, YPG, YPJ, HPÊ Seconde guerre civile irakienne modifier  Les Unités de résistance de Sinjar (kurde : Ye...

 

Mengaji

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Mengaji – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Sebuah mushaf Al Qur'an yang biasa dipakai untuk mengaji Mengaji merujuk pada aktivitas membaca Al Qur'an atau membahas kitab-kitab oleh pengan...

Heteroatom

Piridina adalah suatu senyawa heterosiklik dan heteroatomnya adalah nitrogen. Dalam kimia, suatu heteroatom (dari Yunani Kuno heteros, berbeda, + atomos, tidak dapat dibagi-bagi) adalah segala atom yang bukan karbon ataupun hidrogen.[1] Dalam prakteknya, istilah ini biasanya digunakan secara lebih spesifik, untuk menandakan bahwa atom non-karbon telah menggantikan karbon dalam tulang punggung struktur molekul. Heteroatom yang khas diantaranya nitrogen (N), oksigen (O), belerang (S), f...

 

Salina Cruz

City in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico For the station, see Salina Cruz railway station. Municipality and town in Oaxaca, MexicoSalina CruzMunicipality and town Coat of armsLocation of the municipality in OaxacaSalina CruzLocation in MexicoCoordinates: 16°10′N 95°12′W / 16.167°N 95.200°W / 16.167; -95.200CountryMexicoStateOaxacaArea • Total131.9 km2 (50.9 sq mi) • Town31.7 km2 (12.2 sq mi)Population (2020 ...

 

Fikile Mbalula

South African politician Fikile MbalulaMbalula in 201917th Secretary-General of the African National CongressIncumbentAssumed office 19 December 2022PresidentCyril RamaphosaDeputyMaropene RamokgopaNomvula MokonyanePreceded byAce Magashule8th President of the African National Congress Youth LeagueIn officeAugust 2004 – April 2008DeputyRubben MohlalogaPreceded byMalusi GigabaSucceeded byJulius Malema Government offices2009–2023 Minister of TransportIn office30 May 2019 –...

Lindholm (Stege Bugt)

LindholmLindholmGeographyCoordinates55°0′25″N 12°13′20″E / 55.00694°N 12.22222°E / 55.00694; 12.22222Area0.07 km2 (0.027 sq mi)AdministrationDenmarkRegionRegion ZealandMunicipalityVordingborg Municipality Lindholm is a small Danish uninhabited[1] island located in Stege Bugt. Lindholm covers an area of 0.07 square kilometres (0.027 sq mi).[2] Until 2018 the island housed a field station belonging to the veterinary i...

 

Club d'Esports Vendrell

Club d'Esports VendrellHockey su pista Segni distintiviUniformi di gara Casa Trasferta Colori sociali Rosso e nero Dati societariCittàEl Vendrell Paese Spagna ConfederazioneWSE FederazioneRFEP CampionatoOK Liga Plata Fondazione1958 ImpiantoPavelló Municipal (308 posti) Sito webhoqueivendrell.com Palmarès Trofei nazionali2 Coppe del Re Trofei internazionali1 Coppa CERS/WSE Il Club d'Esports Vendrell, meglio noto come CE Vendrell o Vendrell, è un club di hockey su pista avente sede a E...

 

رهاب الإسلام في المملكة المتحدة

جزء من سلسلة حولالتمييز أشكال عامة عمر طائفة طبقة لون إعاقة نمط وراثي شعر طول لغة مظهر سمات عقلية عرق / أثنية / جنسية رتبة دين جنس توجه جنسي حجم أنواع أشكال محددة   اجتماعية رهاب اللاجنسية وصمة عار الإيدز سلطة البالغين اضطهاد المصابين بالبرص معاداة التشرد معاداة الم�...

Ethnological Museum of Berlin

Ethnological Museum of BerlinLocation of Ethnological Museum in Berlin, GermanyShow map of BerlinEthnological Museum of Berlin (Germany)Show map of GermanyFormer nameMuseum für Völkerkunde Berlin-DahlemEstablishedOriginal in 1873, new building in 1886, and after World War II rebuilt in present form in 1970LocationMitteCoordinates52°31′03″N 13°24′10″E / 52.5175°N 13.402778°E / 52.5175; 13.402778TypeEthnologicalDirectorViola KönigWebsiteEthnologisches Muse...

 

FBI Cyber Division

US Federal Bureau of Investigation division CyD redirects here. For other uses, see Cyd. Cyber DivisionEmblem of the Cyber DivisionActive2002–present(21–22 years)CountryUnited StatesAgencyFederal Bureau of InvestigationPart ofCriminal, Cyber, Response, and Services BranchHeadquartersJ. Edgar Hoover BuildingWashington, D.C.AbbreviationCyD[1]CommandersCurrentcommanderAssistant Director Bryan A. Vorndran[2] The Cyber Division (CyD) is a Federal Bureau of Investigation di...

 

Pile ad ossido solido

Schema di una pila a combustibile ad ossido solido Le pile a combustibile ad ossido solido (SOFC) sono dispositivi elettrochimici che producono energia elettrica direttamente dal combustibile. Le pile a combustibile sono caratterizzate dall'elettrolita usato; le SOFC impiegano un elettrolita a ossido solido (in genere zirconia drogata con ossido d'ittrio, materiale ceramico). Questa tipologia di celle opera a temperatura molto più alta di quelle polimeriche. In queste pile gli ioni d'ossigen...

Fire (Bruce Springsteen song)

Song by Bruce Springsteen Not to be confused with I'm on Fire. Fire is a song written by Bruce Springsteen in 1977 which had its highest profile as a 1978 single release by the Pointer Sisters. The song was also released by Robert Gordon and Springsteen himself. Robert Gordon version The first released recording of Fire was by neo-rockabilly singer Robert Gordon who had met Springsteen through E Street Band bass player Garry Tallent. They remained on friendly terms before Springsteen gave Gor...

 

Stanisław Lem

Stanisław Lem Stanisław Herman Lem (12 September 1921-27 Maret 2006) merupakan seorang penulis, filosofi berkebangsaan Polandia. Buku-buku yang mereka terjemahkan terdiri dari 41 bahasa dan memiliki lebih dari 27 juta kopi. Pada titik pertama, dia merupakan orang yang terbanyak menulis non-Bahasa Inggris fiksi ilmu pengetahuan terbanyak di dunia. Dia dilahirkan di Lwów, Polandia. Dia merupakan putera dari Sabina Woller dan Samuel Lem. Dia belajar ilmu kedokteran di Universitas Lviv (1939-1...

 

مستشفى هوو شين شان

مستشفى هوو شين شان فيديو لمستشفى هووشينشان تحت الإنشاء من خدمة الأخبار الصينية إحداثيات 30°31′49″N 114°04′57″E / 30.53028°N 114.082532°E / 30.53028; 114.082532   معلومات عامة الدولة الصين  المساحة 60000 متر مربع[1]  سنة التأسيس 3 فبراير 2020[1]  أبعاد المبنى طوابق فوق الأرض...

Kapulaga

Kapulaga Kapulaga sejati (E. cardamomum) Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Plantae (tanpa takson): Tracheophyta (tanpa takson): Angiospermae (tanpa takson): Monokotil (tanpa takson): Komelinid Ordo: Zingiberales Famili: Zingiberaceae Genera Amomum Elettaria Gambar : Kapulaga Kapulaga adalah sejenis rempah yang dihasilkan dari biji beberapa tanaman dari genera Elettaria dan Amomum dalam keluarga Zingiberaceae (keluarga jahe-jahean)[1]. Kedua genera ini adalah tanaman asli Bangladesh, ...

 

Henry Miller

Henry Miller (1940) Henry Valentine Miller (New York, 26 dicembre 1891 – Los Angeles, 7 giugno 1980) è stato uno scrittore, pittore, saggista e reporter di viaggio statunitense. La sua opera si segnalò per il tentativo di rottura con le forme letterarie del suo tempo, attraverso la personalissima ricerca d'una tipologia inedita di romanzo costruito su un intreccio sperimentale di narrativa memorialistica, romanzo tradizionale, diaristica d'impostazione filosofica e saggistica d'analisi e ...