Nakayama was born in 1887 in Nakano City, Nagano Prefecture. His father died when he was very young, so he and his siblings were raised by his mother Zō, who often took in washing and sewing to make ends meet.[citation needed]
Nakayama was first interested in music when he attended Nakano Elementary School, where he and his classmates would sing to the accompaniment of a small organ (what he called a "baby organ"). The songs they sang included popular military marches from the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–95). At one point, a small brass band sponsored by the Salvation Army came to his town to play, and Nakayama remembers being smitten by the sound. His classmates remember him as an accomplished player of the Japanese transverse flute who would often play during Obon and other festivals at the local Shinto shrines and Buddhist temple.[1]
When Shimpei graduated from elementary school, he took the required examinations and became a substitute elementary school teacher.[clarification needed] His dream was to become a music teacher, which required him to go to school in Tokyo. He moved there in 1905, where he became a household servant for Shimamura Hōgetsu, an English literature professor at Waseda University.[citation needed][clarification needed]
