They are cooperative regional financial institutions serving small and medium enterprises and local residents. Anyone who lives, works, or has an office in the region served by the bank can become a member. However, companies with over 300 employees are prohibited from membership.
Shinkin banks were founded in 1951. They were created to serve some of the same functions as credit unions, but can accept deposit from non-members (inside and outside their area) without limitation and make loans to the "graduated" (outgrew the membership qualifications) members.[1]
As of March 2017, there were 264 Shinkin banks with $1,229 billion in deposits.
References
^"信用金庫とは" (in Japanese). The National Association of Shinkin Banks. Retrieved 4 December 2017.