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Serpianosaurus; Temporal range: Anisian-Ladinian; ~242 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
	Life restoration of Serpianosaurus mirigiolensis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Superorder:	†Sauropterygia
Family:	†Pachypleurosauridae
Genus:	†Serpianosaurus; Rieppel, 1989
Type species
	†Serpianosaurus mirigiolensis; Rieppel, 1989
Species
	†S. mirigiolensis Rieppel, 1989 (type); †S. germanicus Diedrich, 2013;

Serpianosaurus (meaning "Serpiano lizard") is an extinct genus of pachypleurosaurs known from the Middle Triassic (late Anisian and early Ladinian stages) deposits of Switzerland and Germany. It was a small reptile, with the type specimen of S. mirigiolensis measuring 75 cm (2.46 ft) long.^[1]

Fossils of the type species, S. mirigiolensis, have been found from the middle Grenzbitumenzone, the oldest strata of Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland, an area well known for its abundant pachypleurosaur remains.^[2]^[3]^[4] The locality dates back to sometime around the Anisian/Ladinian boundary of the Middle Triassic, around 242 Ma, with Serpianosaurus most likely occurring strictly during the latest Anisian. This makes it one of the oldest sauropterygians from Monte San Giorgio,^[5] with only the rare pachypleurosaur Odoiporosaurus being older.^[4] Certain aspects of its morphology also suggest it is one of the most basal forms.

Cajus G. Diedrich in 2013 described and named a second species, S. germanicus, based on a postcranial skeleton and various additional isolated remains from the Karlstadt Formation of Germany. This species represents the oldest well known record of this genus, as it comes from the upper Pelsonian, dating to the late Anisian stage of the Middle Triassic.^[6]

The genus can be distinguished from other closely related pachypleurosaurs on the basis of its proportionally large skull and straight jaw. Like many other pachypleurosaurs, sexual dimorphism can be seen in Serpianosaurus. Males and females are thought to differ in humeral size and shape. Any pachyostosis of the ribs is absent in Serpianosaurus specimens.^[1] It is closely related to the genus Neusticosaurus.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b Rieppel, O. (1989). A New Pachypleurosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 323(1212):1-73.
^ Sander, P. M. (1989). The Pachypleurosaurids (Reptilia: Nothosauria) from the Middle Triassic of Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland) with the Description of a New Species. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 325(1230):561-666.
^ Serpianosaurus in the Paleobiology Database
^ ^a ^b Renesto, S.; Binelli, G.; Hagdorn, H. (2014). "A new pachypleurosaur from the Middle Triassic Besano Formation of Northern Italy". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 271 (2): 151. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2014/0382.
^ Rieppel, C. (1994). The status of Anarosaurus multidentatus von Huen (Reptilia, Sauropterygia), from the Lower Anisian of the Lechtaler Alps (Arlberg, Austria). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 69(1-2):289-299.
^ Cajus G. Diedrich (2013). "The marine pachypleurosaur Serpianosaurus germanicus nov. spec. – skeleton and isolated bone remains from the Pelsonian (Middle Triassic) of the European Germanic basin carbonate intertidals and its paleobiology and taphonomy" (PDF). New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 61: 159–168.
^ Palaeos