Scottsburg is in southern Livingston County, mainly in the northern part of the town of Sparta. A small portion of the CDP extends west into the town of Groveland. State Route 256 leads south 8 miles (13 km) to Dansville and north 12 miles (19 km) to Lakeville. Geneseo, the Livingston county seat, is 12 miles northwest of Scottsburg.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Scottsburg CDP has an area of 0.16 square miles (0.41 km2), all land.[5] It sits in the valley of Conesus Inlet, which flows north 4 miles (6 km) to Conesus Lake, the westernmost of the Finger Lakes.