Schloendorff v. Society of New York Hospital

Schloendorff v. Society of New York Hospital

Court	New York Court of Appeals
Full case name	Mary E. Schloendorff v. The Society of the New York Hospital
Decided	April 14, 1914 (1914-04-14)
Citation	105 N.E. 92, 211 N.Y. 125
Case history
Prior history	Schloendorff v. Society of New York Hospital, 133 N.Y.S. 1143 (App. Div. 1912) (memorandum opinion)
Court membership
Chief judge	Willard Bartlett
Associate judges	Cardozo, Chase, Cuddeback, Hiscock, Miller
Case opinions
Majority	Cardozo, joined by Hiscock, Chase, Collin, Cuddeback
Bartlett and Miller took no part in the consideration or decision of the case.

Schloendorff v. Society of New York Hospital, 105 N.E. 92 (N.Y. 1914), was a decision issued by the New York Court of Appeals in 1914 which established principles of respondeat superior in United States law.^[1]

Facts

In January 1908, Mary Schloendorff, also known as Mary Gamble—an elocutionist from San Francisco^[2]—was admitted to New York Hospital to evaluate and treat a stomach disorder. Some weeks into her stay at the hospital, the house physician diagnosed a fibroid tumor. The visiting physician recommended surgery, which Schloendorff adamantly declined. She consented to an examination under ether anesthesia. During the procedure, the doctors performed surgery to remove the tumor. Afterwards, Schloendorff developed gangrene in the left arm, ultimately leading to the amputation of some fingers. Schloendorff blamed the surgery, and filed suit.^[3]

Judgment

The Court found that the operation to which the plaintiff did not consent constituted medical battery. Justice Benjamin Cardozo wrote in the Court's opinion:

Every human being of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall be done with his own body; and a surgeon who performs an operation without his patient's consent commits an assault for which he is liable in damages. This is true except in cases of emergency where the patient is unconscious and where it is necessary to operate before consent can be obtained.

Schloendorff, however, had sued the hospital itself, not the physicians.^[1] For this reason, the Court found that a non-profit hospital could not be held liable for the actions of its employees, analogizing to the principle of charitable immunity.^[1]

Significance

The idea that a non-profit hospital could not be sued for actions of its employees became a principle that became known as the "Schloendorff rule." The Court would later reject the "Schloendorff rule" in the 1957 decision of Bing v. Thunig.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Faden, Ruth; Beauchamp, Tom L. (1986). A history and theory of informed consent. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 123. ISBN 0195036867.
^ "Loses $50,000 Suit". Santa Cruz Sentinel. Vol. 57, no. 111. May 10, 1911. p. 5. Retrieved January 9, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Schloendorff v. Society of New York Hospital, 105 N.E. 92, 93 (N.Y. 1914). (Full text via HathiTrust Digital Library.)

External links

"Schloendorff v. Society of New York Hospital". Northeastern Reporter. 105: 92. hdl:2027/hvd.32044103146437. Retrieved January 9, 2016 – via HathiTrust.
"Schloendorff v. Society of New York Hospital". New York Reports. 211: 125. hdl:2027/mdp.35112103764199. Retrieved January 9, 2016 – via HathiTrust.
Summary and Opinion of the case Archived July 14, 2017, at the Wayback Machine

United States tort law

Intentional Torts

Assault & Battery	Garratt v. Dailey Katko v. Briney Vosburg v. Putney Picard v. Barry Pontiac-Buick, Inc. Sheridan v. United States
Abuse of process	Hartman v. Moore
intentional infliction of emotional distress	Snyder v. Phelps Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
Trespass to land & Trespass to chattels	Rowland v. Christian CompuServe Inc. v. Cyber Promotions, Inc. Dougherty v. Stepp Intel Corp. v. Hamidi United Zinc & Chemical Co. v. Britt Sioux City & Pacific Railroad Co. v. Stout
Conversion	Haslem v. Lockwood Popov v. Hayashi
Privacy, Publicity rights	Taus v. Loftus Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co.
Tortious interference	Redbox Automated Retail LLC v. Universal City Studios LLLP
Defamation	See United States defamation law

Negligence

Duty of care	Brown v. Kendall Trimarco v. Klein Jablonski by Pahls v. United States Kerans v. Porter Paint Co. Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co. Mexicali Rose v. Superior Court
Medical malpractice	Landeros v. Flood Union Pacific Railway Co. v. Botsford Mohr v. Williams Schloendorff v. Society of New York Hospital Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California Scott v. Bradford
Wrongful death, Loss of consortium	Cahoon v. Cummings Hitaffer v. Argonne Co. Werling v. Sandy
Common employment	Albro v. Agawam Canal Co. Farwell v. Boston & Worcester Railroad Corp. Vance v. Ball State University
Public Authority, Fireman's rule, Negligence per se	Boub v. Township of Wayne Briscoe v. LaHue United States v. GlaxoSmithKline Seong Sil Kim v. New York City Transit Authority United States v. Johnson (1987) Martin v. Herzog Tedla v. Ellman Yount v. City of Sacramento Pearson v. Callahan Saucier v. Katz
Causation	Summers v. Tice Ybarra v. Spangard Ultramares Corp. v. Touche Gross v. FBL Financial Services, Inc.
Negligent infliction of emotional distress	Krouse v. Graham Dillon v. Legg Archibald v. Braverman Thing v. La Chusa Miller v. National Broadcasting Co. Molien v. Kaiser Foundation Hospitals

Nuisance

Public	Spur Industries, Inc. v. Del E. Webb Development Co.
Private	Boomer v. Atlantic Cement Co.

Strict liability

Ultrahazardous activity	Alwin v. State Farm Fire & Casualty Co. Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad Co. v. American Cyanamid Co.
Product liability	Thomas v. Winchester Sindell v. Abbott Laboratories Friend v. Childs Dining Hall Co. Loop v. Litchfield Losee v. Clute Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. v. Thompson Geier v. American Honda Motor Co. Chysky v. Drake Bros. Co. Devlin v. Smith

Damages

Joint and several liability	Walt Disney World Co. v. Wood
Comparative negligence	Li v. Yellow Cab Co. Knight v. Jewett Hoffman v. Jones American Motorcycle Ass'n v. Superior Court
Punitive damages	BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore Liebeck v. McDonald's Restaurants Pearson v. Chung Honda Motor Co. v. Oberg State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Campbell

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