Schizothorax is a genus of cyprinid fish found in southern and western China, through northern South Asia (Himalaya) and Central Asia, to Iran, with a single species, S. prophylax, in Turkey.[1][2][3] They are primarily found in highland rivers, streams and lakes, although a few species occur in lower-lying locations, like Lake Balkhash and lakes of the Sistan Basin.[1][2][4][5] Their scientific name means "cloven-breast", from Ancient Greekschízeïn (σχίζειν) 'to cleave' and thórax (θώραξ) 'breast-plate' (see also thorax). The western species are typically referred to as marinkas from their Russian name marinka (маринка), while the eastern species are usually called snowtrout. Although they do resemble trouts in habitus this is merely due to convergent evolution and they are by no means closely related apart from both being Teleostei: Cyprinids are in the teleost superorderOstariophysi, while trouts are in the superorder Protacanthopterygii. Their ancestors must thus have diverged as early as the Triassic, more than 200 million years ago.
Schizothorax is classified within the subfamilySchizotharcinae, the snow barbels, within the family Cyprinidae, the family which includes the carps, barbs and related fishes>[6] This grouping was formerly thought to include the mountain barbels now classified in the subfamily Schizopygopsinae.[2][3]
^ abcYang, J.; J.X. Yang; and X.Y. Chen (2012). "A re-examination of the molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Schizothorax (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) through enhanced sampling, with emphasis on the species in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, China". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 50(3). doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2012.00661.x
^ abCoad, B.W.; and N.K.d. Ville (2004). "On the systematics and distribution of the snow trout Schizothorax pelzami Kessler, 1870, in Iran (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae)". Zoology in the Middle East 32(1): 57-62. doi:10.1080/09397140.2004.10638044
^Hammer, U.T. (1986). Saline Lake Ecosystems of the World. p. 458. DR. W. Junk Publishers. ISBN90-6193-535-0
^Coad, B.; and J. Hales (2008). "Helmand - Sistan". Freshwater Ecoregions of the World. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
