Saturate, Aromatic, Resin and Asphaltene (SARA) is an analysis method that divides crude oil components according to their polarizability and polarity. The saturate fraction consists of nonpolar material including linear, branched, and cyclic saturated hydrocarbons (paraffins). Aromatics, which contain one or more aromatic rings, are slightly more polarizable. The remaining two fractions, resins and asphaltenes, have polar substituents. The distinction between the two is that asphaltenes are insoluble in an excess of heptane (or pentane) whereas resins are miscible with heptane (or pentane).
There are three main methods to obtain SARA results. One has lately emerged as the most popular. That technology is known as the Iatroscan TLC-FID, and it combines thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with flame ionization detection (FID). It is referred to as IP-143.[1] Other analysis giving SARA numbers might not correspond to the numbers obtained in IP-143. It is therefore always important to know the analysis method when comparing SARA numbers.[2]
TLC-FID is the only method that is 100 times more sensitive than any of the older methods and faster, taking 30 seconds for 1 sample instead of 1 day.[3] In comparison, IP-143 method can take up to 3 days, and it does not offer any analytical precision.
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Sudirman Central Business District – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)Business district in South Jakarta, IndonesiaSudirman Central Business District Kawasan Niaga Terpadu SudirmanSCBDB…
Library in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China Shenzhen Library深圳图书馆Shenzhen Library main library22°32′46″N 114°03′28″E / 22.546132617923615°N 114.05766906664427°E / 22.546132617923615; 114.05766906664427LocationShenzhen, Guangdong, ChinaTypePublic library Shenzhen LibrarySimplified Chinese深圳图书馆Traditional Chinese深圳圖書館TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinShēnzhèn TúshūguǎnYue: CantoneseJyutpingsam1 zan3 tou4 syu1 gun2 Shenz…
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1983 novel by Graham Swift This article is about the book by Graham Swift. For other uses, see Waterland (disambiguation). Waterland First editionAuthorGraham SwiftCountryUnited KingdomLanguageEnglishPublisherWilliam HeinemannPublication date1983Media typePrint (hardcover)Pages310 ppISBN0-434-75330-0OCLC10052188Dewey Decimal823/.914 19LC ClassPR6069.W47 W3 1983b Waterland is a 1983 novel by Graham Swift, set in the Fenland of eastern England. It won the Guardian Fiction Prize, and was …
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