Sassafras tzumu

Sassafras tzumu
Sassafras tzumu, Zhejiang, China
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Laurales
Family: Lauraceae
Genus: Sassafras
Species:
S. tzumu
Binomial name
Sassafras tzumu
(Hemsl.) Hemsl.
Synonyms
  • Lindera camphorata H.Lév.
  • Lindera tzumu Hemsl.
  • Litsea laxiflora Hemsl.
  • Pseudosassafras laxiflorum (Hemsl.) Nakai
  • Pseudosassafras tzumu (Hemsl.) Lecomte
Sassafras tzumu
Chinese檫木
Literal meaningsassafras tree
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyinchámù
Wade–Gileschʻa2 mu4
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutpingcaat3 muk6

Sassafras tzumu (Chinese sassafras, Cha mu) is a species of Sassafras native to China, in Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang.[2] It grows in either sparse or dense forests habitat types, at altitudes of 100–1900 meters (330–3000 ft).[3]

Description

Sassafras tzumu is a deciduous tree reaching heights of up to 35 meters (115 ft). The longitudinally fissured wood is colored yellow-green, but changes to gray or brown when the plant is mature. The branching is sympodial. The leaves are alternate, gray-green, ovate or obovate, 9–18 cm long and 6–10 cm broad with 2-7 centimeter, slender, reddish petioles. Leaves may be two-lobed or three-lobed. Flowers are yellow and about 4 millimeters with blue-black and white waxy fruit.[3] One historical source reports trees of up to 100 meters (330 ft), although this is not corroborated by modern sources.[4]

Sassafras tzumu and Sassafras randaiense differ from the North American species in that they may have both male flowers with 3 staminodes and 1 rudimentary pistil, and female flowers with 12 staminodes on the same tree, while the North American species (see Sassafras albidum) are dioecious (individual plants bear only male or only female flowers). Molecular data also supports some differences between the Chinese and North American species.[5][6] Like those of Sassafras albidum, Sassafras tzumu's leaves may have 2 or 3 lobes, although leaves with 3 lobes occur more frequently in S. tzumu while they are possible but rare in S. albidum.[7]

Uses

The bark of Sassafras tzumu is durable fine-grained and yellow. The wood is used in shipbuilding and furniture making because of its durability.[8] The plant is used for medicinal purposes, to treat rheumatism and trauma.[9] Essential oils may be extracted from bark, roots, or fruit, and contain a 1% concentration of phenylpropene safrole. According to other sources, the bark of Sassafras tzumu contains a particularly large quantity of safrole oil at 97%, making it valuable for those wishing to use the oil for commercial purposes or for the purposes of producing illicit drugs.[10]

See also

References

  1. ^ IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group & Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) (2019). "Sassafras tzumu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T158690125A158690127. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T158690125A158690127.en. Retrieved November 17, 2024.
  2. ^ Wiersema, John; León, Blanca (February 26, 1999). World Economic Plants: A Standard Reference. CRC Press. p. 616. ISBN 978-0849321191.
  3. ^ a b Zhengyi, Wu; Raven, Peter; Deyuan, Hong, eds. (December 9, 2008). Flora of China, Menispermaceae through Capparaceae. Vol. 7. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. p. 160. ISBN 978-1930723818.
  4. ^ Wilson, Ernest (August 30, 2011). A Naturalist In Western China With Vasculum, Camera, And Gun: Being Some Account Of Eleven Years' Travel, Exploration, And Observation In The More ... Flowery Kingdom. Nabu Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-1178906387.
  5. ^ Zhengyi, Wu; Raven, Peter; Deyuan, Hong, eds. (December 9, 2008). Flora of China, Menispermaceae through Capparaceae. Vol. 7. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. p. 159. ISBN 978-1930723818.
  6. ^ Zhou, Jiaju; Xie, Guirong; Yan, Sinjian (March 7, 2011). Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicines - Molecular Structures, Pharmacological Activities, Natural Sources and Applications: Vol. 2: Isolated Compounds D-G. Vol. 2. Springer. p. 321. ISBN 978-3642167379.
  7. ^ Arboretum Trompenburg: Sassafras photo
  8. ^ De-Yuan, Hong (June 30, 2015). Plants of China: A Companion to the Flora of China. Cambridge University Press. p. 313. ISBN 978-1107070172.
  9. ^ "Traditional Chinese Medicine". WikiBooks. March 14, 2015. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
  10. ^ Blickman, Tom (February 3, 2009). "Harvesting Trees". Transnational Institute. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
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