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Posthumous name
	Emperor Richu?

San of Wa
San of Wa
King of Wa
Predecessor	Emperor Nintoku?
Successor	Chin of Wa
Posthumous name
Posthumous name
	Emperor Richu?

Genealogy of the Five kings of Wa and Emperors

Book of Song

Book of Liang



San of Wa (421, 425 ce)						Chin of Wa (438 ce)



Sai of Wa (443, 451 ce)



Ko of Wa (462 ce)						Bu of Wa (478 ce)

Genealogy of Emperors in Nihon Shoki

(Numbers in parentheses are Japanese epithets)

¹⁵ Ojin
(誉田別)

¹⁶ Nintoku
(大鷦鷯)

¹⁷ Richū
(去来穂別)

¹⁸ Hanzei
(瑞歯別)

¹⁹ Ingyō
(雄朝津間稚子宿禰)

Ichinobe no Oshiwa

Kinshari

²⁰ Ankō
(穴穂)

²¹ Yūryaku
(大泊瀬幼武)

San of Wa (讃) was a king of Wa in the first half of the 5th century (middle of the Kofun era). ^[1]

He was the brother of Chin, the first of the "Five kings of Wa" (although San is not seen as a king in the historical record ^[2]）. Some have compared him to either the 15th Emperor Ojin, the 16th Emperor Nintoku, or the 17th Emperor Richu.

Records

Book of Song

Song Book, Chronicles

In the Book of Song, the Emperor Wu of Song issued an imperial decree in the 2nd year of Yongchou (421), ordering the Liu Song dynasty to grant Wu of Song a title for his tribute from Wanli.^[3]^[4]

In the 2nd year of Yuanjia (425), San also sent Cao Da, a librarian, to the Song dynasty to present a written appeal to Wen, and presented him with local specialties. Later, after San's death, his younger brother Jin stood as king.^[3]^[4]
The Book of Song (Song shu), Book of the Chronicles (Song shu), Book of the Chronicles (Song shu): The Wen Di Ji, Yuan Jia 7 (430 years), Sho Tsuki article states that the king of Japan sent an envoy to present a fang material (a san or jin envoy?).

Book of Liang

In the Book of Liang, the article on Japan states that there was a "tribute" to the king of Japan when Emperor An of Jin of the Jin (Eastern Jin), and that when An died, his younger brother Ya stood up.^[5]

History of the Southern Dynasties

In the article of History of the Southern Dynasties, the Japanese envoys and tributes during the reign of Emperor An of the Jin dynasty and the contents of the Song Book of Biography are described.

Others

According to the article in the Book of Jin, in the 9th year of the reign of Emperor An (413), Goguryeo and Japan sent an envoy to offer a variety of goods (one theory is that it was an envoy from the Emperor Hsin). In the "Taiping Yulan" an anecdote in the "Ukihee Kiyoi Note" states that the tribute included "a ginseng and other items offered by the Japanese government.^[6]^[7]

v
t
e
Year	Goguryeo	Baekje	Wa
317	Eastern Jin
372		Geunchogo of Baekje
386		Jinsa of Baekje
413	Jangsu of Goguryeo
416	Jangsu of Goguryeo	Jeonji of Baekje
420	Liu Song dynasty
420		Jeonji of Baekje
421			San of Wa
438			Chin of Wa
443			Sai of Wa
451			Sai of Wa
457		Gaero of Baekje
462			Ko of Wa
463	Jangsu of Goguryeo
478			Bu of Wa
479	Southern Qi
479			Bu of Wa
480	Jangsu of Goguryeo	Moudu
490		Dongseong of Baekje
494	Munjamyeong of Goguryeo
502	Liang dynasty
502	Munjamyeong of Goguryeo	Dongseong of Baekje	Bu of Wa

References

^ 倭王讃（日本人名大辞典）.
^ 倭王讃（朝日日本歴史人物事典）.
^ ^a ^b 『東アジア民族史 1 正史東夷伝（東洋文庫264）』平凡社、1974年、pp. 309-313
^ ^a ^b 『倭国伝中国正史に描かれた日本（講談社学術文庫2010）』講談社、2010年、pp. 117-123
^ 『東アジア民族史 1 正史東夷伝（東洋文庫264）』平凡社、1974年、pp. 315-319
^ 倭の五王（国史）.
^ 森公章 2010, pp. 7–11.
^ Mori, Kimiyuki; 森公章 (2010). Wa no Goō : 5-seiki no Higashi Ajia to Waō gunzō (1-han ed.). Tōkyō: Yamakawa Shuppansha. ISBN 978-4-634-54802-2. OCLC 609537044.

Bibliography

事典類
- "倭王讃". 日本人名大辞典 (in Japanese). 講談社.
- 坂元義種. "倭の五王". 国史大辞典 (in Japanese). 吉川弘文館.
- 日本大百科全書（ニッポニカ） (in Japanese). 小学館.
  - 坂元義種「倭の五王」、「讃」
- 坂元義種 (2006). "倭の五王". 日本古代史大辞典 (in Japanese). 大和書房. ISBN 978-4479840657.
- "讃". 日本古代氏族人名辞典普及版 (in Japanese). 吉川弘文館. 2010. ISBN 978-4642014588.
- 関和彦. "倭王讃". 朝日日本歴史人物事典 (in Japanese). 朝日新聞出版. - リンクは朝日新聞社「コトバンク」
その他文献
- 森公章 (2010). 倭の五王 5世紀の東アジアと倭王群像（日本史リブレット人 002） (in Japanese). 山川出版社. ISBN 978-4634548022.
- 河内春人 (2018). 倭の五王 -王位継承と五世紀の東アジア-（中公新書2470） (in Japanese). 中央公論新社. ISBN 978-4121024701.