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San Cristóbal
San Cristóbal
	View of San Cristóbal
	Seal
	Nickname(s): Cuna de la Constitución, Provincia Benemérita
	San Cristóbal San Cristóbal in the Dominican Republic
	Coordinates: 18°25′00″N 70°06′20″W / 18.41667°N 70.10556°W
Country	Dominican Republic
Province	San Cristóbal
Government
• Mayor of San Cristóbal	José Bienvenido Montás Domínguez
• Senator of San Cristobal	Franklin Rodríguez
• Governor of San Cristobal	Pura Casilla
Area
• Total	226.52 km2 (87.46 sq mi)
Elevation	33 m (108 ft)
Population (2022 census)
• Total	277,793
• Density	1,200/km2 (3,200/sq mi)
• Demonym	Sancristobalense(s)
Municipal Districts	1
Distance to; – Santo Domingo	; 26 km (16 mi)
Website	San Cristóbal website

San Cristóbal^[4] is a city in the southern region of Dominican Republic. It is the municipal (municipio) capital of the San Cristóbal province. The municipality is located in a valley at the foothills of the mountains belonging to the Cordillera Central, between the Nigua and Nizao rivers. Within this municipality there is one municipal district (distrito municipal): Hato Damas.^[5]^[6]

San Cristóbal was founded in the late 16th century. The Constitution of the Dominican Republic was signed in San Cristóbal in 1844. The city is also notable for being the birthplace of Rafael Trujillo, dictator from 1930 to 1961, who was killed by anti-dictatorial Dominicans on his way to San Cristóbal in 1961 as part of a successful plot to end his 30-year authoritarian regime.

History

The first explorations in San Cristóbal date back to the beginning of the conquest and colonization of Hispaniola with the second Voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1493. There were various haciendas, herds and ranches that existed in the Partido de los Ingenios de Nigua (today San Cristóbal) during the Spanish colonial era.

The formation of the town is credited to Miguel Díaz, who while fleeing from the punishment that awaited him from the authorities of "La Isabela" (the first city created by Columbus in America), due to a violent fight he had with another colonist, moved to this place where he married an indigenous woman by the name of Catalina, who according to legend, fearing being abandoned by her spouse, revealed to him the existence of a place where they found the gold deposits; Díaz then returned to La Isabela to inform the colonial authorities of his find.

Upon confirming the existence of gold on the banks of the Haina River, the Spanish proceeded to arrange for the settlement of a group of settlers and the installation of a fort called Buenaventura and later San Cristóbal, in honor of the admiral. Between the banks of the Haina and Nigua rivers, herds, haciendas and ranches were formed, as well as sugar mills that contributed to a notable development of the place. The Partido de los Ingenios de Nigua was the name given to the route between the indicated rivers, it was not until 1782 when it was elevated to the category of parish, constituting the San Gregorio de Nigua Church as the seat of the parish, which is undoubtedly one of the oldest construction of San Cristóbal still standing.

Rafael Trujillo, dictator from 1930 to 1961, was born in San Cristóbal in 1891 and had several properties in San Cristóbal among these were:

El Castillo El Cerro
La Casa de Playa de Najayo o Casa de Marfil
La Hacienda María o Casa Blanca
La Casa de Caoba (his favorite home)

All of these buildings are still standing, though in poor conditions. He built many monuments in his hometown, such as Balneario La Toma, and Parque Piedras Vivas – a park he ordered to be built from rocks and stones collected from each city of the Dominican Republic to honor himself (hence the park's name "Living Stones").

Geography

San Cristóbal is located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) on the DR-2 from Santo Domingo and close to Bajos de Haina. It is located near the coast of the Caribbean Sea. The topography is hilly as you go farther inland into the Cordillera Central mountain range.^[7]

Climate

San Cristóbal has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen Am), with hot weather year-round and heavy rainfall from May to November, when hurricanes are a major risk.

Climate data for San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic (1961–1990)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	29.6 (85.3)	29.8 (85.6)	30.6 (87.1)	31.3 (88.3)	31.3 (88.3)	31.6 (88.9)	32.2 (90.0)	32.4 (90.3)	32.4 (90.3)	31.9 (89.4)	31.1 (88.0)	29.9 (85.8)	31.2 (88.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)	24.3 (75.7)	24.4 (75.9)	25.0 (77.0)	25.9 (78.6)	26.4 (79.5)	26.9 (80.4)	27.4 (81.3)	27.4 (81.3)	27.2 (81.0)	26.8 (80.2)	25.9 (78.6)	24.8 (76.6)	26.0 (78.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	19.1 (66.4)	19.0 (66.2)	19.5 (67.1)	20.5 (68.9)	21.4 (70.5)	22.2 (72.0)	22.6 (72.7)	22.4 (72.3)	21.9 (71.4)	21.6 (70.9)	20.8 (69.4)	19.7 (67.5)	20.9 (69.6)
Average rainfall mm (inches)	60.9 (2.40)	51.1 (2.01)	52.9 (2.08)	72.4 (2.85)	218.1 (8.59)	214.8 (8.46)	148.3 (5.84)	202.5 (7.97)	187.5 (7.38)	210.5 (8.29)	111.6 (4.39)	68.8 (2.71)	1,599.4 (62.97)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm)	6.8	5.9	6.9	7.5	13.7	12.4	11.3	11.9	11.2	12.8	9.1	8.1	117.6
Average relative humidity (%)	76.3	75.1	72.6	71.9	76.9	78.2	76.2	76.7	77.3	79.5	77.5	77.0	76.3
Source: NOAA^[8]

Economy

Goya Foods has its Dominican Republic offices in San Cristóbal.^[9] The city has considerable sources of work, in which the Nestlé factory (maggi), the Sancela Family group plant, the Goya processing plant as well as the glass industrial park, the armory free zone, the CEDELCA piping factory, the tropical products factory (coco López) as well as the marmotech, Tecnotiles and Star marble marble plants, among other companies. However, due to its proximity to Santo Domingo, the population moves to work in the capital city, as well as in the towns of Bajo de Haina and Nigua. Currently in the city they are installing new businesses in its main streets and avenues.

The economic activities are influenced by the fact that it is the main city in the southern region and the fifth in the country and are industry (in San Cristóbal and the free zones of Bajo de Haina, Nigua and Villa Altagracia), small-scale agriculture (except citrus plantations in Villa Altagracia, coffee in the mountains and onions in the Najayo-Palenque plains) and port plantations (in Bajo de Haina and Palenque).

It has an intense tourist activity, especially national or internal tourists. The main centers are the beaches of Najayo, Palenque, El Balnearios de La Toma, Cuevas del Pomier and the Haina and Nizao rivers.

Currently, San Cristóbal is one of the cities with the best rates in the area of telecommunications. It has the services of the main telephone companies in the country, as well as various cable and satellite television companies.

Education

There are a total of 72 educational centers and 92 center boards. The Educational District 04-03 has under its jurisdiction 56 Basic Centers, 10 Middle Schools, 6 Adult Centers, an Initial Education Center "National Council for Children and Adolescents (Conani)" and the Directorate of Attention to the Early Childhood (DAPI).

The large number of high school graduates in this city are concentrated in the Liceo Enedina Puello Renville, located in the Madre Vieja Sur sector. In said center there is a population of more than 1500 students in their morning, afternoon and evening shifts.

San Cristóbal has numerous educational centers at the basic, middle and higher levels, among which the UASD San Cristóbal, also called CURSCEN, the Loyola Polytechnic Institute (recently endorsed and certified as a Loyola Specialized Institute of Higher Studies) stand out. teach technical engineering careers such as: Network and Telecommunications Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Agricultural Engineering, with all the prestige of the Loyola Polytechnic Institute.), Loyola Cooperative School, Francisco José Peynado Polytechnic Institute, Santa Rita School, Center for Ronda Del Saber Studies, Baptist School, San Rafael School, English Learning Center, Canaan Academy, etc. Studies are offered at the pre-initial, basic, secondary and higher levels. A high percentage of the young population moves to Santo Domingo to study, due to the diversity of offers and the proximity.

It also has a technical-professional training center, INFOTEP (National Institute for Technical-Professional Training), its teaching is partially carried out at the Loyola Polytechnic Institute.

Notable residents

Military and politics

Antonio Duvergé, Dominican general of French origin who served in the Dominican War of Independence.
Temístocles Montás, president of the Dominican Liberation Party (PLD)
Rafael Leonidas Trujillo, Dominican dictator who ruled the Dominican Republic from February 1930 until his assassination in May 1961

Music

Jochy Hernandez, Merengue singer

Sports

Miguel Andújar, third baseman for the Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball (MLB)
Santiago Casilla, former MLB relief pitcher
José Guillén, former MLB outfielder
Francisco Liriano, former MLB pitcher
Rigoberto Mendoza (born 1992), professional basketball player
Raúl Mondesí, former MLB outfielder and former mayor of San Cristobal (2010–16)
Hector Neris, MLB relief pitcher
Iván Nova, pitcher for the SSG Landers of the KBO League
Michael Pineda, MLB pitcher
Al Reyes, former MLB pitcher
José Rijo, former MLB pitcher
Sixto Sánchez, pitcher in the Miami Marlins
Ervin Santana, former MLB pitcher
Magneuris Sierra, MLB player
Pedro Strop, MLB pitcher

Sectors

5 de abril
Canastica
El Pomier
Hatillo
La Cruz
La Guandulera
La Suiza
La Toma
Las Flores
Lava Pies
Los Cacaitos
Los Molinas
Los Montones
Los Corozos
Zona verde
Los Novas
Madre Vieja Norte
Madre Vieja Sur
Medina
Moscú
Pueblo Nuevo
Sabana Toro
Villa Fundación
Villa Liberación
Villa Valdez
Zona Verde
Mira Cielo
Villa Mercedes
Las Arecas
Villa Liberación
Najayo Arriba
Yaguate
Cambita
Doña Ana
Hatillo
Nicole
San Isidro
Nigua
Frank Reyna

References

^ Superficies a nivel de municipios, Oficina Nacional de Estadistica Archived 2009-04-17 at the Wayback Machine
^ De la Fuente, Santiago (1976). Geografía Dominicana Republicaaa (in Spanish). Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: Editora Colegial Quisqueyana.
^ Citypopulation, Cristóbal municipality
^ "San Cristóbal | Dominican Republic | Britannica". Britannica.com. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
^ Oficina Nacional de Estadistica, Departamento de Cartografia, Division de Limites y Linderos. "Listado de Codigos de Provincias, Municipio y Distritos Municipales, Actualizada a Junio 20 del 2006" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2007-03-14. Retrieved 2007-01-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ "Provincia de San Cristóbal - Rep. Dominicana". www.sgn.gob.do. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
^ Diario, Listin (2023-08-10). "¿Cuáles son las provincias más pobladas del país?". listindiario.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-03-31.
^ "San Cristobal Climate Normals 1961-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 21, 2016.
^ "Contact Us." Goya Foods. Retrieved on March 26, 2016. "Goya Foods of the Dominican Republic, S.A. Kilómetro 17 Autopista 6 de Noviembre San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic"