Lukonde was born on 4 August 1977, in Paris, and is an engineer by training.[5] He is the son of Stéphane Lukonde Kyenge [fr], an important figure in the political scene of his native Katanga who was assassinated in 2001.[6]
After being active in politics as a member of the Avenir du Congo (English, Future of Congo) party, and becoming one of the youngest deputy at the National Assembly, Lukonde was named Minister of Youth, Sports, and Leisure in December 2014, during the Joseph Kabila Presidency.[6] He served in this position for 10 months, before resigning to support his party in their opposition to Kabila's bid for a third successive term as President.[6]
He was named Prime Minister by Tshisekedi in February 2021.[9] He later named his cabinet.[10] On 20 February 2024, Lukonde tendered his resignation to President Tshisikedi[11] after he decided to join the National Assembly as a member from the Kasenga Territory, having won the seat during the general election of December 2023.[12] He served as acting prime minister until the installation of a new government[13] led by former planning minister Judith Tuluka on 12 June 2024.[2]
On August 12, 2024, Sama Lukonde Kyenge was elected president of the senate, with 84 votes out of 96.[14]