Saho-hime

Saho-hime
狭穂姫命
Saho-hime burning in her brother's palace (by Tsukioka Yoshitoshi)
Empress consort of Japan
Tenure28–25 BC
Born?
Died25 BC
SpouseEmperor Suinin
IssueHomutsuwake no Mikoto [ja]
FatherHikoimasu [ja]
MotherSahono Okuramitome [ja]
ReligionShinto

Saho-hime[a] (狭穂姫命) was the legendary empress consort of Japan from 28 BC to 25 BC.[1][2]

Life

In both the Nihon Shoki and the Kojiki, she was a granddaughter of Emperor Kaika and gave birth to one son who, according to the Nihon Shoki could not speak.[3] Saho-hime died during a rebellion caused by her older brother, Sahohiko.[2] Sahohiko tried to persuade her to kill her husband Emperor Suinin. He asked her whom she loved more, him or the Emperor. When she said the Emperor he reminded her that he had other mistresses. This plan worked and she agreed to kill Emperor Suinin.[3] Saho-hime almost killed the Emperor but she cried and her tears woke the Emperor up. She revealed the plot by her brother to him out of guilt.[4] Infuriated that his brother-in-law tried to make his wife kill him, the Emperor sent his troops to his brother-in-law's palace to take his life.[3]

The Nihon Shoki's account of her demise

After her husband sent troops to her brother's castle, in the Nihon Shoki, Saho-hime went to her brother's palace with their son out of guilt for attempting to kill the Emperor, and refused to leave until it burned down. As it was burning, her brother escaped, along with Saho-hime's son but the Empress died.[3]

The Kojiki's account of her demise

In the Kojiki, after Emperor Suinin woke up and Saho-hime went to her brother's castle she gave birth. The Emperor ordered his guards to turn away until she gave birth, and then retrieve her. While the palace was still burning she gave birth.[5] As the Emperor's men came to retrieve Saho-hime's newborn, the child was placed outside the fortress and Saho-hime shaved her head. As the men took Saho-hime, her clothes fell off, as did her hair allowing her to escape.[4][5] The Emperor was angered and as she was escaping asked her to choose a name for the child. She chose the name Homutsuwake (fire-possessing lord) as the palace was burning whilst she was giving birth. Whilst she and her brother were escaping Suinin killed her brother and Saho-hime herself. [4][5]

Legacy

It is believed Saho-hime is the deity that lives on Mount Saho and is the goddess of spring.[6]

There is a poem attributed to Emperor Go-Toba about her:[6]

"The hazy clothes of Princess Saho are faded, and the flower brocades are quickly faded"

Family tree

Genealogy of early Japanese emperors and empresses
Nunakawahime[7] Ōkuninushi[8][9]: 278 
(Ōnamuchi)[10]		Kamotaketsunumi no Mikoto[11]
Kotoshironushi[12][13] Tamakushi-hime[11] Takeminakata[14][15] Susa Clan[16]
1 Jimmu[17]1Himetataraisuzu-hime[17]Kamo no Okimi[12][18]Mirahime [ja]
2 Suizei[19][20][21][22][23][24] 2Isuzuyori-hime[22][23][24][18][25]Kamuyaimimi[19][20][21]
3 Annei[26][12][22][23][24]〔Ō clan[27][28]〕〔Aso clan[29]〕3 Nunasokonakatsu-hime[30][12]Kamo clan
TakakurajiMiwa clan
4 Itoku[26][12]Ikisomimi no mikoto [ja][26]Ame no Murakumo [ja]
4Amatoyotsuhime no Mikoto [ja][26]Amaoshio no mikoto [ja]
5 Emperor Kōshō[26][12][31]5Yosotarashi-hime[12]Okitsu Yoso [ja]
6 Emperor Kōan[12]Prince Ameoshitarashi [ja][31]Owari clan
6Oshihime [ja][12][31]〔Wani clan〕[32]
7 Emperor Kōrei[33][12][31][34] 7Kuwashi-hime[34]
8 Emperor Kōgen[35][34]8Utsushikome [ja][35]Princess Yamato Totohi Momoso[33]Kibitsuhiko-no-mikoto[36]Wakatakehiko [ja]
9Ikagashikome[b] [38][39]
Hikofutsuoshi no Makoto no Mikoto [ja][39]9 Emperor Kaika[35]Prince Ohiko [ja][40]〔Kibi clan〕
Yanushi Otake Ogokoro no Mikoto [ja][39]10 Emperor Sujin[41][42]10Mimaki-hime[43]〔Abe clan〕[40]
Takenouchi no Sukune[39]11 Emperor Suinin[44][45]11Saho-hime[46]12Hibasu-hime [ja][47]Yasaka Iribiko[48][49][50]Toyosukiiri-hime [ja][51]Nunaki-iri-hime [ja][33]
Yamatohime-no-mikoto[52]
〔Katsuragi clan〕13Harima no Inabi no Ōiratsume [ja]12 Emperor Keiko[45][47]14Yasakairi-hime [ja][48][49][50]
Otoyo no mikoto [ja]
Futaji Irihime [ja][53]Yamato Takeru[54][55]Miyazu-himeTakeinadane [ja] Ioki Iribiko13Emperor Seimu[54][55]
14Emperor Chūai[54][55] [56]15Empress Jingū[57] Homuda
Mawaka
15Emperor Ōjin[57]16Nakatsuhime[58][59][60]
16Emperor Nintoku[61]


See also

Notes

  1. ^ Saho-hime's name is also spelt as Sahobime, or Sahajihime.
  2. ^ There are two ways this name is transcribed: "Ika-gashiko-me" is used by Tsutomu Ujiya, while "Ika-shiko-me" is used by William George Aston.[37]

References

  1. ^ Anston, p. 166 (Vol. 1)
  2. ^ a b Anston, pp. 170–173 (Vol. 1)
  3. ^ a b c d Aston, William. Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697. Society.
  4. ^ a b c Yasumaro. O, translated by Gustav Heldt. (2014) “Kojiki. An Account of Ancient Matters”. New York: Columbia University Press.
  5. ^ a b c Chamberlain, B. H. (1932) “Translation of the Kojiki.” Kobe: J.L. Thompson & Co.
  6. ^ a b 内田圓学 (2020-06-17). "知っておきたい和歌の女神さま！ 「佐保姫」「竜田姫」「衣通姫」そして「宇治の橋姫」". 二条流 令和和歌所. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  7. ^ Philippi, Donald L. (2015). Kojiki. Princeton University Press. pp. 104–112.
  8. ^ Atsushi, Kadoya; Tatsuya, Yumiyama (20 October 2005). "Ōkuninushi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  9. ^ Herbert, J. (2010). Shinto: At the Fountainhead of Japan. Routledge Library Editions: Japan. Taylor & Francis. p. 402. ISBN 978-1-136-90376-2. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
  10. ^ Atsushi, Kadoya (21 April 2005). "Ōnamuchi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  11. ^ a b The Emperor's Clans: The Way of the Descendants, Aogaki Publishing, 2018.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns. Columbia University Press. p. 89. ISBN 9780231049405.
  13. ^ Atsushi, Kadoya (28 April 2005). "Kotoshironushi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  14. ^ Sendai Kuji Hongi, Book 4 (先代舊事本紀 巻第四), in Keizai Zasshisha, ed. (1898). Kokushi-taikei, vol. 7 (国史大系 第7巻). Keizai Zasshisha. pp. 243–244.
  15. ^ Chamberlain (1882). Section XXIV.—The Wooing of the Deity-of-Eight-Thousand-Spears.
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  25. ^ 『図説　歴代天皇紀』p42-43「綏靖天皇」
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  27. ^ Grapard, Allan G. (2023-04-28). The Protocol of the Gods: A Study of the Kasuga Cult in Japanese History. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-91036-2.
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Japanese royalty
Preceded by Empress consort of Japan
28–25 BC 		Succeeded by