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Saccodon

Saccodon
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Division: Teleostei
Order: Characiformes
Family: Parodontidae
Genus: Saccodon
Kner, 1863[1]
Type species
Saccodon wagneri
Kner, 1863[1]
Synonyms[1]
Saccodon dariensis
Saccodon dariensis

Saccodon is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Parodontidae, the scrapetooths. The fishes in this genus are found in the Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena region from Panama to northwestern Peru.

Taxonomy

Saccodon was first proposed as a genus by the Austrian ichthyologist Rudolf Kner in his Eine Uebersicht der ichthyologischen Ausbeute des Herrn Professors Dr. Mor. Wagner in Central-Amerika (An overview of the ichthyological findings of Professor Dr. Mor. Wagner in Central America) published in 1863. Kner proposed it as a monospecific genus with Saccodon wagneri as its only species, this species being the type species by monotypy.[1] S. wagneri was first formally described, by Kner in the same volume as he proposed the genus and its type locality was given as Ecuador.[2] Saccodon is classified within the family Parodontidae, the scrapetooths, which is classified within the suborder Characoidei of the order Characiformes.[3]

Species

Saccodon contains the following valid species:[2]

Etymology

Saccodon is a combination of saccus, which means "bag", and odon, which is a Latinised derivative of the Greek oudos, meaning "teeth". This is a reference to "bulging mucus membrane" that Kner described, this surrounds the premaxillae of the type species and contains highly speciialised algae scraping teeth. The specific name of the type species, S. wagneri, honours the German explorer and geographer, Moritz Wagner (naturalist), who collected the type specimen and whose collections Kner was reviewing.[4]

Characteristics

Saccodon is distinguished from the other two genera in the Parodontidae by the possession of two rather than a single unbranched ray in the pectoral fins and, unlike the species specific teeth morphology of those genera, Saccodon scrapetooths show a high degree of dental polymorphism.[5] These fishes vary in maximum size from a standard length of 4 cm (1.6 in) for S. terminalis up to 16.8 cm (6.6 in) for S. dariensis.[6]

Distribution and habitat

Saccodon scrapetooths are found in the pacific slope drainages of southern Central America and northwestern South America, from southern Panama to northwestern Peru.[5] These fishes are found in streams with fast currents where they feed by scraping off algae growing on rocks, keeping their position by using their pectoral fins to hold onto the substrate.[7]

References

  • Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Saccodon". FishBase. October 2011 version.
  1. ^ a b c d Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Parodontidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 24 June 2025.
  2. ^ a b Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Saccodonon". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 24 June 2025.
  3. ^ Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer; Ronald Fricke. "Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification". Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 24 June 2025.
  4. ^ Christopher Scharpf (22 September 2023). "Family PARODONTIDAE Eigenmann 1910 (Scrapetooths)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 24 June 2025.
  5. ^ a b Beatriz Ferreira Dorini (2023). Familía Parodontidae (Telestei, Characoidei) Identifacãoa Molecular e Estudo das Relações Filogenéticas entre Espécies (MSc thesis). Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho".
  6. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Saccodon". FishBase. April 2025 version.
  7. ^ Pavanelli, C. and Starnes, Wayne (2015). "Revision of the trans-Andean scrapetooths genus Saccodon (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Parodontidae)". Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 26: 193–207.(subscription required)

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