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History
Norway
Name	Activ
Operator	A/S Alliance (A.C. Hein & Son)
Port of registry	Arendal
Builder	Stavanger Støberi & Dokk, Stavanger
Completed	July 1909
Fate	Sold to Soviet Russia in 1918
Soviet Union
Name	Revoljucija
Operator	Severnoje Gosudarstvennoe Morskoe Parokhodstvo (SGMP)
Port of registry	Archangelsk
Acquired	1918
Fate	Sunk by torpedoes from U-1163 on 3 December 1944
General characteristics
Tonnage	433
Propulsion	single screw
Crew	23

Revoljucija (Revolution) was a Soviet steam merchant that was sunk by the German submarine U-1163 during World War II.^[1]

History

As the Activ

The Revoljucija was originally a Norwegian-owned vessel named the Activ. She was completed in 1909 and belonged to the A/S Alliance (A.C. Hein & Son). Her home port was Arendal from 1909 to 1918 when she was sold to the then unrecognized Soviet Russia. Upon acquiring her, the Soviets renamed her the Revoljucija (Russian for Revolution). Her new operators were Severnoje Gosudarstvennoe Morskoe Parokhodstvo (SGMP) and her new home port was Archangelsk.^[1]

As the Revoljucija

During World War II, the Revoljucija served as a member of convoy KB-35 that transferred supplies from the United States to the Russian port of Archangelsk and Murmansk. On 2 December 1944, the Revoljucija left Kola Bay along with the other member of the KB-35 convoy, the Soviet steam merchant Kama. The two steam merchants were under the escort of the patrol ship SKR-20 and the minesweeper T-884 (No 38). Upon reaching the Litskie Islands the Revoljucija's engines broke down and the ship was forced to stop, leaving the other steamer to continue on to Archangelsk along with the patrol ship while T-884 (No 38) was to remain with the Revoljucija in order to protect her from any German submarines. In the early morning hours of 3 December, the German submarine U-1163 encountered the stranded Revoljucija and the minesweeper. The U-boat fired a torpedo at the group, thinking that they were patrol vessels. The initial torpedo missed its target. A few minutes after the first torpedo missed, U-1163 fired another torpedo at the two ships, hitting the hull of the Revoljucija and causing her to sink in 20 seconds with the loss of all 23 of her crew.^[1]^[2]^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Helgason, Guðmundur. "Revoljucija". uboat.net. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Patrol info for U-1163 (Third patrol)". U-Boat War in World War II. Uboat.net. Retrieved 31 March 2010.
^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "U-1163". U-Boat War in World War II. Uboat.net. Retrieved 28 March 2010.