Persia was sunk off Crete, while the passengers were having lunch, on 30 December 1915, by German World War I U-boat ace Max Valentiner (commanding SM U-38). Persia sank in five to ten minutes, killing 343 of the 519 aboard. One reason for the large number of casualties was that only four of the lifeboats were successfully launched because of the list to port.[3] The sinking was highly controversial, as it was argued that it broke naval international law that stated that merchant ships carrying a neutral flag could be stopped and searched for contraband but not sunk unless the passengers and crew were put in a place of safety (for which lifeboats on the open sea were not sufficient). The Persia was a British ship presenting itself openly to another belligerent. The U-boat fired a torpedo and made no provision for any survivors, under Germany's policy of unrestricted submarine warfare but against the Imperial German Navy's own restriction on attacking passenger liners, the Arabic pledge.[citation needed]
The survivors on the four lifeboats were picked up during the second night after the sinking by the minesweeper HMS Mallow.[3] Only 15 of the women on board survived, among them British actress Ann Codrington (The Rossiter Case), who was pregnant with her daughter, Patricia Hilliard. Ann lost her mother, Helen Codrington.
Sixty-seven crewmen from the then Portuguese colony of Goa perished. Most of them were stewards.[7]
The sinking was front-page news on many British newspapers, including the Daily Mirror and the Daily Sketch.
Service personnel who died on the SS Persia are recorded on the Commonwealth War Graves memorial at Shatby, Alexandria, Egypt.
The door to the bullion room, salvaged and now located at Buckler's Hard.
The wreck of Persia was located off Crete in 2003 at a depth of 10,000 feet (3,000 m), and an attempt was made to salvage the treasure located in the bullion room. The salvage attempt met with limited success, retrieving artifacts and portions of the ship, and some jewels from the bullion room.[8] Some of the gems have since been made into commemorative jewellery.[9]
^Bacon, Leonard; Thompson, Joseph Parrish; Storrs, Richard Salter; Leavitt, Joshua; Beecher, Henry Ward; Tilton, Theodore; Bowen, Henry Chandler; Ward, William Hayes; Holt, Hamilton; Franklin, Fabian; Fuller, Harold de Wolf; Herter, Christian Archibald (1916). "The Story of the Week". The Independent. Retrieved 23 November 2013. Besides Consul McNeeley it seems there was another American drowned, for among the missing is the Rev. Dr. Homer R. Salisbury, a Seventh Day Adventist missionary, who came on board at Marseilles to go to India. He came from Battle Creek ...
