SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant

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Main article: Variants of SARS-CoV-2

Iota variant,[1] also known as lineage B.1.526, is one of the variants of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. It was first detected in New York City in November 2020. The variant has appeared with two notable mutations: the E484K spike mutation, which may help the virus evade antibodies, and the S477N mutation, which helps the virus bind more tightly to human cells.[2]

By February 2021, it had spread rapidly in the New York region and accounted for about one in four viral sequences.[3][4] By 11 April 2021, the variant had been detected in at least 48 U.S. states and 18 countries.[5][6]

Under the simplified naming scheme proposed by the World Health Organization, B.1.526 has been labeled Iota variant, and is considered a variant of interest (VOI), but not yet a variant of concern.[7]

Mutations

The Iota (B.1.526) genome contains the following amino-acid mutations, all of which are in the virus's spike protein code: L5F, T95I, D253G, E484K, D614G and A701V.[8]

  • Amino acid mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant plotted on a genome map of SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on the spike.[9]
    Amino acid mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant plotted on a genome map of SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on the spike.[9]

History

The increase of the Iota variant was captured by researchers at Caltech by scanning for mutations in a database known as GISAID, a global science initiative that has documented over 700,000 genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2.[10][11]

The proportion of USA cases represented by the Iota variant had declined sharply by the end of July 2021 as the Delta variant became dominant.[12]

Statistics

Cases by country (Updated as of 16 January 2024) GISAID[13]
Country Confirmed cases Last Reported Case
 USA 45,985 24 June 2021
 Ecuador 168 10 June 2021
 Canada 158
 Spain 119 17 June 2021
 Colombia 115 24 May 2021
 Aruba 103 10 June 2021
 Germany 56 22 June 2021
 Mexico 50 11 June 2021
 United Kingdom 43 16 May 2021
 Sint Maarten 17 27 May 2021
 Ireland 13 7 May 2021
  Switzerland 12 17 May 2021
 Chile 11 12 May 2021
 Denmark 9 31 May 2021
 Israel 9 26 April 2021
 Suriname 9 10 May 2021
 Argentina 8 26 April 2021
 Belgium 8 18 April 2021
 Dominican Republic 8 10 June 2021
 France 8 25 May 2021
 Lithuania 8 28 May 2021
 Singapore 7 4 April 2021
 Australia 6 21 May 2021
 Italy 6 4 May 2021
 Luxembourg 6 5 March 2021
 Costa Rica 5 21 May 2021
 Netherlands 5 19 April 2021
 Russia 5 4 June 2021
 Croatia 4 9 February 2021
 Japan 4 7 May 2021
 South Korea 4 14 April 2021
 Sweden 4 14 May 2021
 Turkey 4 4 May 2021
 Malta 4 21 December 2020
 India 3 24 March 2021
 Dominica 3 15 January 2021
 Slovenia 3 18 May 2021
 Austria 2 22 April 2021
 Ghana 2 20 March 2021
 Grenada 2 17 January 2021
 Indonesia 2 8 January 2021
 Jamaica 2 2 February 2021
 Liberia 2 14 May 2021
 Portugal 2 4 March 2021
 Romania 2 17 April 2021
 Anguilla 1 21 April 2021
 Antigua and Barbuda 1 3 May 2021
 British Virgin Islands 1 25 January 2021
 Cayman Islands 1 15 April 2021
 China 1
 Curacao 1 30 April 2021
 Finland 1 14 March 2021
 Guadeloupe 1 9 March 2021
 New Zealand 1 16 March 2021
 Poland 1 31 March 2021
 Turks and Caicos Islands 1 22 March 2021
 Venezuela 1 8 May 2021
 World (57 countries) Total: 46,589 Total as of 11 August 2021

See also

References

  1. ^ "Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants". www.who.int. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
  2. ^ Barton, Michael I; MacGowan, Stuart A; Kutuzov, Mikhail A; Dushek, Omer; Barton, Geoffrey John; van der Merwe, P Anton (August 26, 2021). Fouchier, Ron AM; Van der Meer, Jos W; Fouchier, Ron AM (eds.). "Effects of common mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD and its ligand, the human ACE2 receptor on binding affinity and kinetics". eLife. 10: e70658. doi:10.7554/eLife.70658. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 8480977. PMID 34435953.
  3. ^ Rosa-Aquino, Matt Stieb, Paola (March 21, 2021). "Everything We Know About the Coronavirus Variant Spreading in New York City". Intelligencer. Retrieved April 10, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ Mandavilli, Apoorva (February 24, 2021). "A New Coronavirus Variant Is Spreading in New York, Researchers Report". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
  5. ^ "outbreak.info". outbreak.info. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
  6. ^ "PANGO lineages Lineage B.1.526". cov-lineages.org. April 22, 2021. Archived from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
  7. ^ "Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants". www.who.int. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
  8. ^ "SARS-CoV-2 Variant Classifications and Definitions". CDC.gov. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. February 11, 2020. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  9. ^ "Spike Variants: Iota variant, aka B.1.526". covdb.stanford.edu. Stanford University Coronavirus Antiviral & Resistance Database. July 1, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  10. ^ Corum, Jonathan; Zimmer, Carl (February 9, 2021). "Coronavirus Variants and Mutations". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
  11. ^ West, Anthony P.; Barnes, Christopher O.; Yang, Zhi; Bjorkman, Pamela J. (February 23, 2021). "SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.526 emerging in the New York region detected by software utility created to query the spike mutational landscape". bioRxiv: 2021.02.14.431043. doi:10.1101/2021.02.14.431043. PMC 8077570. PMID 33907745. S2CID 231981267.
  12. ^ SARS-CoV-2 sequences by variant, Jul 26, 2021, USA Our World in Data
  13. ^ "GISAID - hCov19 Variants". www.gisaid.org. Retrieved July 2, 2021.

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