Ruellia caroliniensis

Ruellia caroliniensis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Acanthaceae
Genus: Ruellia
Species:
R. caroliniensis
Binomial name
Ruellia caroliniensis

Ruellia caroliniensis, the Carolina wild petunia, is a wild petunia of the family Acanthaceae native to the southeastern United States.[1] It's native range spans the eastern coast with the northernmost extent reaching New Jersey [2]

Description

Ruellia caroliniensis is a herbaceous perennial with purple or pinkish flowers that vary in shade.[3] The plants grow to be up to 3 feet tall and have crowded, opposite, lanceolate to elliptic leaves.[3] The root system is fibrous and thick.[4] The flowers grow in axillary clusters of 2-4 and have long, funnelform corollas with five distinct lobes and grow from.[4][5] The plant begins blooming in spring and continues through summer, each bloom lasting for about one day.[6] Typically not all flowers in a cluster will be open at one time.[5] It can be distinguished form other species in the Ruellia genus by long, pointed calyx lobes and bracts that remain as the flowers wilt.[3][6]

Etymology

The genus Ruellia is named after French botanist Jean Ruel, who is known for his translating of botanical publications into Latin in the early sixteenth century.[6] Caroliniensis is a latinized word meaning "of the Carolinas",[6] referring to its native range or location of discovery.

The common name "petunia" is derived from the obsolete French word petun, meaning "tobacco".[7]

Synonyms of Ruellia caroliniensis include Pattersonia caroliniensis, Ruellia caroliniensis var. caroliniensis, and Ruellia caroliniensis var. typica.[8]

Reproduction

After pollination, a seed capsule forms at the leaf axil where the flower originated.[6] The seeds of Ruellia caroliniensis are dispersed through explosive dehiscence. When the seed capsules of the plant reach maturity (after about two months), they burst open propelling the seeds away from the parent plant.[6]

Ecology

Ruellia caroliniensis attracts a variety of pollinators, particularly lepidopterans.[9] It is a larval host for the common buckeye butterfly (Junonia coenia) and the white peacock butterfly (Anartia jatrophae).[10]

The strong, woody root system allows for resilience from frost or wildfire.[6]

References

  1. ^ NRCS. "Ruellia caroliniensis". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2024-10-25.
  2. ^ "Ruellia caroliniensis (J.F.Gmel.) Steud". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2024-12-04.
  3. ^ a b c "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
  4. ^ a b Long, Robert W. (1974). "Variation in Natural Populations of Ruellia caroliniensis (Acanthaceae)". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 101 (1): 1–6. doi:10.2307/2484813. ISSN 0040-9618. JSTOR 2484813.
  5. ^ a b "Carolina Petunia". Mt. Cuba Center. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Florida Native Plant Society https://www.fnps.org/assets/pdf/pubs/ruellia_caroliniensis_carolinawildpetunia_3_1.pdf
  7. ^ "petunia | Etymology of petunia by etymonline". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2024-11-01.
  8. ^ "Ruellia caroliniensis". World Flora Online. Retrieved 2024-12-04.
  9. ^ Long, Robert W. (July 1971). "Floral Polymorphy and Amphimictic Breeding Systems in Ruellia caroliniensis (Acanthaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 58 (6): 525–531. doi:10.2307/2441034. JSTOR 2441034.
  10. ^ "IRC - Natives for Your Neighborhood". regionalconservation.org. Retrieved 2024-10-25.


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