Rock climbing in Australia

Rock climbing in Australia originated in Queensland, New South Wales and Tasmania in the early 1920s, and spread to the rest of Australia after WWII.[1]

In 1998 it had a 0.3% participation rate for both genders.[2] It has been featured in magazines like Vertical Life. Competition climbing is managed by Sport Climbing Australia, and has seen a surge in participation since rock climbing's inclusion in the Olympics.[3]

History

Like Europe and America, the climbing culture of Australia has its roots in alpinism and exploration. Early European exploration was focused in southeast of New South Wales in the Blue Mountains. There, the seemingly endless sandstone walls and the imagining of the landscape represented in the local newspapers helped to spread interest climbing peaks. Between 1927 and 1938 there were 150 articles, most of which are accompanied by photographs. It became traditional to set peaks on fire after reaching them, to signal success to the rest of the ascensionists' party on the ground.[1]

Little is known about rock climbing in Aboriginal Australian culture, but today many mountains are sacred sites.[4][5]

The difficulty of the climbs gradually increased, with some stylistic differences between Queensland and NSW climbers, with the former often climbing free solo and NSW climbers relying heavily on ropes.[6][1] Some of the early bold ascents include Crater Bluff (9) by Eric Dark and Dorothy English in 1936, and Federation Peak (5) in 1949.[7]

Post-WWII

Australian climbing began pushing into higher grades in the late 1950s with the first grade 17.[8]

In the 1960s John Ewbank developed the Ewbank System for grading climbs, the world's first open ended system.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Michael Meadows (2013). "Reinventing the heights: The origins of rockclimbing culture in Australia" (PDF). Retrieved 26 December 2017. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. ^ "PARTICIPATION IN SPORT AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES" (PDF). Australian Buero of Statistics. p. 7.
  3. ^ "Australian rock climbers eye ascent to Tokyo 2020 as sport gains popularity". ABC News. 27 May 2017.
  4. ^ "Sacred mountains celebrate decade back under Aboriginal management". ABC News. April 2016.
  5. ^ "They did it at Uluru, should we ban climbing at Mt Warning?". Northern Star. 4 November 2017.
  6. ^ "The Intriguing History Of Rock Climbing In Australia". 15 May 2020.
  7. ^ "Crater Bluff". The Crag. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  8. ^ "First at the Grade". Vertical Life. 27 September 2016.

Read other articles:

Mikhail Khodorkovsky

Mikhail KhodorkovskyKhodorkovsky pada tahun 2013 setelah dibebaskan dari penjaraLahirMikhail Borisovich Khodorkovsky26 Juni 1963 (umur 60)Moskow, Uni SovietKebangsaanRusiaAlmamaterMendeleev Russian University of Chemistry and TechnologyPekerjaanKepala Group Menatep (1990-)Wakil Menteri Bahan Bakar dan Energi Rusia (1993) Pimpinan dan CEO Yukos (1997–2004)Kolumnis The New Times (2011-)Suami/istriElena Dobrovolskaya (cerai) Inna KhodorkovskayaAnak4 Mikhail Borisovich Khodorkovsky (bahas...

 

Georgi Chilikov

Bulgarian footballer Georgi Chilikov Chilikov with Levski Sofia in 2016Personal informationFull name Georgi Prodanov ChilikovDate of birth (1978-08-23) 23 August 1978 (age 45)Place of birth Burgas, BulgariaHeight 1.94 m (6 ft 4+1⁄2 in)Position(s) StrikerSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)1995–1998 Chernomorets Burgas 56 (29)1999–2001 Naftex Burgas 56 (8)2001–2005 Levski Sofia 97 (55)2005–2007 CD Nacional 39 (4)2007 CSKA Sofia 12 (3)2008 Dalian Shide 12 (5)200...

 

The Washington Family

Andrew W. Mellon Collection, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.The Washington Family by Edward Savage (1789–1796). The British Museum, London (2011)1798 stipple print of The Washington Family by Edward Savage The Washington Family by Edward Savage is a life-sized group portrait of the Washington family, including U.S. President George Washington, First Lady Martha Washington, two of her grandchildren and a black servant, most likely an enslaved man whose identity was not recorded.&#...

Allez Ola Olé

2010 song by Jessy Matador For the FIFA World Cup music album, see Music of the World Cup: Allez! Ola! Ole! Allez Ola OléSingle by Jessy Matadorfrom the album Electro Soukouss Released10 May 2010 (2010-05-10)Recorded2010GenrePop, dancehall, zouk, ndomboloLength2:52LabelWagram MusicSongwriter(s)Hugues Ducamin, Jacques BallueJessy Matador singles chronology Mini Kawoulé (2009) Allez Ola Olé (2010) Dansez (2011) Music videoAllez, Ola, Olé on YouTubeEurovision Song Contest 2010...

 

User talk:Jclemens/Archive 14

This page is an archive of past discussions. Do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the current talk page. Talk:Hungary/GA3 Jclemens, it has been over three months since you last posted to this review. Please let me know whether you plan to return to it soon. Many thanks. BlueMoonset (talk) 16:04, 5 December 2017 (UTC) Yes BlueMoonset I have been busy with other things and that review has fallen behind in priority. If...

 

Apple M1

Series of systems-on-a-chip designed by Apple Inc. M1 processor redirects here. For the x86-based processor whose codename was M1, see Cyrix 6x86. Apple M1Image of an M1 processor inside the 2020 Mac Mini. The two chips on the right are the LPDDR4X memoryGeneral informationLaunchedM1: November 10, 2020[1]M1 Pro and Max: October 18, 2021M1 Ultra: March 8, 2022DiscontinuedJune 5, 2023Designed byApple Inc.Common manufacturer(s)TSMCProduct codeM1: APL1102[2]M1 Pro: APL1103M1 Max: ...

Partai Rakyat Nasional (Pakistan)

Partai Rakyat Nasional نیشنل پیپلز پارٹیKetua umumGhulam Murtaza Khan JatoiDibentuk1986Dibubarkan2013Digabungkan denganLiga Muslim Pakistan (N)Kantor pusatKarachiSayap pelajarFederasi Pelajar Rakyat NasionalWarnaMerah, putih dan hijau    Senat0 / 104Majelis Nasional2 / 342Majelis Sindh / 168<div error>Kesalahan ekspresi: Operator / tak terduga%; height: 1em;>Lambang pemiluTraktorBenderaPemilihan umum Partai Rakyat Nasional (bahasa Urdu: نیشنل ...

 

List of equipment of the United States Coast Guard

The progress of the United States Coast Guard acquisition programs as of June 2023. Watercraft Cutters Main articles: United States Coast Guard Cutter and List of United States Coast Guard cutters Originally, the Coast Guard used the term cutter in its traditional sense, as a type of small sailing ship.[1] Larger cutters, over 181 feet (55 m) in length, are controlled by Area Commands, the Atlantic Area or Pacific Area. Smaller cutters come under control of district commands. Cu...

 

طواف إسبانيا 1981

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) طواف إسبانيا 1981 السلسلة سوبر برستيج بيرنود 1981  التاريخ 21 أبريل – 10 مايو التاريخ بداية:21 أبريل 1981  نه�...

Pita suara

Pita suaraTampak laringoskopik dari pita suara.Abduksi dan AduksiRincianPendahuluArkus faringeal keenamSistemSistem pernapasanPengidentifikasiBahasa Latinplica vocalisMeSHD014827TA98A06.2.09.013TA23198FMA55457Daftar istilah anatomi[sunting di Wikidata] Pita suara (terbuka) Pita suara (bersuara) Pita suara adalah salah satu organ yang memproduksi hasil suara melalui pergerakan dari otot pita suara sehingga terjadi interaksi antarorgan lain. Pita suara menjadi salah satu organ pada tubuh ma...

 

Processi secondari di Norimberga

Questa voce sull'argomento storia contemporanea è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Atto d'accusa – Norimberga – Tribunale Militare Internazionale (1945) I processi secondari di Norimberga furono una serie di dodici processi tenuti da tribunali militari statunitensi per crimini di guerra contro i membri sopravvissuti del potere militare, politico ed economico della Germania nazista. Ten...

 

Tornado outbreak of November 30 – December 2, 2018

Weather event in the central US Tornado outbreak of November 30 – December 2, 2018The large storm complex across the Midwestern United States on December 1, 2018 TypeTornado outbreakExtratropical cycloneWinter stormFormedNovember 30, 2018 (2018-11-30)DissipatedDecember 2, 2018 (2018-12-02) Highest windsTornadic – 155 mph (249 km/h) (Taylorville, Illinois EF3 on December 1)Straight-line – 83 mph (134 km/h) west of Shell Knob, Missouri and...

Elizabeth Edwards

Deceased wife of John Edwards (1949–2010) For other people named Elizabeth Edwards, see Elizabeth Edwards (disambiguation). Elizabeth EdwardsEdwards in 2008BornMary Elizabeth Anania(1949-07-03)July 3, 1949Jacksonville, Florida, U.S.DiedDecember 7, 2010(2010-12-07) (aged 61)Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.Resting placeHistoric Oakwood CemeteryEducationUniversity of Mary WashingtonUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (BA, JD)OccupationAttorneyPolitical partyDemocraticSpouse John Ed...

 

Steven Soderbergh

Steven Soderbergh nel 2024. Oscar al miglior regista 2001 Steven Andrew Soderbergh (Atlanta, 14 gennaio 1963) è un regista, produttore cinematografico, direttore della fotografia, montatore e sceneggiatore statunitense. Vincitore della Palma d'oro al Festival di Cannes per il film cult Sesso, bugie e videotape, con cui riceve una candidatura all'Oscar alla migliore sceneggiatura originale. Nel 2001, riceve una doppia candidatura all'Oscar al miglior regista per i film Erin Brockovich e Traff...

 

Maddie Elia

American ice hockey player Ice hockey player Maddie Elia Maddie Elia with the Buffalo Beauts 11-18-2018Born (1995-05-31) May 31, 1995 (age 29)Lewiston, New YorkHeight 5 ft 10 in (178 cm)Position ForwardShoots RightNational team  United StatesPlaying career 2017–present Maddie Elia (born May 31, 1995) is an ice hockey player from Lewiston, New York. During the 2018–19 NWHL season she was the league's scoring leader[1] and was named NWHL Most Valuable Pl...

Bispingen

BispingenComune, indipendente dalle Samtgemeinde Bispingen – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Germania Land Bassa Sassonia DistrettoNon presente CircondarioHeide TerritorioCoordinate53°05′N 10°00′E53°05′N, 10°00′E (Bispingen) Altitudine90 e 78 m s.l.m. Superficie128,48 km² Abitanti6 240[1] (2007) Densità48,57 ab./km² Altre informazioniCod. postale29646 Prefisso05194 Fuso orarioUTC+1 Codice Destatis03 3 58 002 TargaSFA CartografiaBispingen Bisp...

 

PAS Hamedan F.C.

Iranian football club Football clubPAS Hamedanپاس همدانFull namePAS Hamedan Football ClubNickname(s)Great PAS, Champion of Asia, Hegmatane Soldiers, GreensFounded1953; 71 years ago (1953)GroundQods StadiumHamedanCapacity8,000ChairmanAmir AzimiHead CoachSiamak FarahaniLeagueFootball's 2nd Division2021–22Azadegan League, 15th (Relegated) Home colours Away colours Current season PAS Hamedan Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فوتبال پاس همدان, Bashgag-e...

 

Open-air preaching

Public proselytization of a religious message to crowds of people in open places Street preacher in Los Angeles, California, 1972 Open-air preaching, street preaching, or public preaching is the act of evangelizing a religious faith in public places. It is an ancient method of proselytizing a religious or social message and has been used by many cultures and religious traditions, but today it is usually associated with evangelical Protestant Christianity. Supporters of this approach note that...

Internationaux de France de tennis 1961

Internationaux de France de tennis 1961 Édition Internationaux de France Date Du 15 au 28 mai 1961 Lieu Stade Roland-Garros Paris Catégorie Grand Chelem Surface Terre (ext.) Tableaux de simple Dames 7 tours (78 joueuses) Ann Haydon-Jones Messieurs Manuel Santana Tableaux de double Dames 6 tours (34 équipes) Sandra Reynolds Renee Schuurman Mixte 6 tours (52 équipes) Darlene Hard Rod Laver Internationaux de France de tennis Édition 1960 Édition 1962 modifier  Article principal ...

 

Martha Érika Alonso

Mexican politician (1973–2018) In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Alonso and the second or maternal family name is Hidalgo. Martha Érika AlonsoAlonso in 2013Governor of PueblaIn office14 December 2018 – 24 December 2018Preceded byJosé Antonio Gali FayadSucceeded byJesús Rodríguez AlmeidaFirst Lady of PueblaIn role1 February 2011 – 30 February 2017GovernorRafael Moreno Valle RosasPreceded byMargarita GarcíaSucceeded byAlma Dinorah López...