From the earliest days, the Morgenthau family was well-connected politically. The family home was near Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Springwood Estate at Hyde Park, New York, and he grew up acquainted with the future President.[3]
World War II Navy Combat Service
Morgenthau graduated from the New Lincoln School, Deerfield Academy, and Amherst College. In June 1940, while still in college, he enlisted in the United States Navy V-7 officers' training program that was open to students with three years of college, enabling them to earn commissions in the Naval Reserve. He took his 30-day midshipman cruise in July 1940, and spent his 21st birthday on the battleshipUSS Wyoming in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. After graduating from college, he completed three months of midshipman training on board the USS Prairie State. He attained the rank of lieutenant commander, and served as the executive officer of both the USS Lansdale and the USS Harry F. Bauer. Naval records indicate heroic action during the Battle of Iwo Jima — the Bauer was attacked by thirteen kamikazes, and survived a torpedo and dive bomber attack (both failed to detonate).[4] He saw action in both the Mediterranean and Pacific theaters, mostly aboard destroyers,[5] for which he was awarded both the Bronze and Gold stars.[6]
In January 1969, following the election of President Richard Nixon, Morgenthau remained in office, and for months resisted increasingly public pressures from the Nixon Administration to resign.[3] He retained support from New York's liberal Republican U.S. Senators Jacob K. Javits and Charles Goodell. Morgenthau and his supporters claimed that replacing him would disrupt his work on vital cases,[citation needed] and that Nixon might be seeking to prevent Morgenthau from pursuing investigations that would prove embarrassing to the President or his friends. Nonetheless, Morgenthau's position became increasingly untenable. While well-regarded, he was after all a Democrat, thought to harbor political aspirations. Morgenthau's insistence on remaining in office seemed increasingly unreasonable. He was eventually forced out of office at the end of 1969.[8] Republican Whitney North Seymour Jr. was appointed as U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York.
Return to politics
Afterward, Morgenthau served briefly in the reformist administration of Mayor John V. Lindsay as a deputy mayor, before resigning to seek the Democratic nomination for governor in 1970. Morgenthau was less successful in raising funds and developing support than were two other candidates, Arthur Goldberg and Howard Samuels, and within weeks, he withdrew from the race. Goldberg won the nomination, and was subsequently defeated by Rockefeller.[9]
District Attorney of New York County
Morgenthau remained in private life until 1974, when he was elected to the office of District Attorney of New York County. This was a special election caused by the death of Frank Hogan, who had served as DA for more than 30 years. Morgenthau defeated Hogan's interim successor, Richard Kuh.[3] He was elected to a full term in 1977, and was re-elected seven times. He was not opposed in a general election from 1985 to 2005.[10]
Morgenthau was criticized in the press for his conduct in the wake of a major police corruption scandal.[11] Eight men who were falsely arrested by New York City Transit Police officers in the scandal that shook the department were awarded more than $1 million in damages by a federal judge. One plaintiff, Ronald Yeadon, was a police officer. He was arrested twice while off duty and accused of sexually abusing a woman.[12]
Morgenthau retained a national profile while serving in what was technically a local office, in part because of his dogged pursuit of white-collar crime. According to Gary Naftalis, a prominent Manhattan defense attorney who had been an assistant to Morgenthau in the 1960s, Morgenthau believed that prosecuting "crime in the suites" was every bit as important as prosecuting "crime in the streets".[13]
At age 85 in 2005, Morgenthau announced that he would run for a ninth (eighth full) term as district attorney. For the first time in decades, he encountered a vigorous primary opponent – former state court judge Leslie Crocker Snyder.[14][15]
Snyder won the endorsement of The New York Times, which, like virtually all of the city's establishment, had long supported Morgenthau.[16]
Morgenthau won the Democratic primary with 59% of the vote, to Snyder's 41%.[3] In the general election, he was once again the candidate for all political parties in the election, having been nominated by the Democrats, Republicans, and the Working Families Party.[17] Morgenthau won re-election with more than 99% of the vote.[3]
On February 27, 2009, Morgenthau announced that he would not seek re-election in 2009, saying: "I never expected to be here this long ... [R]ecently, I figured that I'd served 25 years beyond the normal retirement age."[18][19] He was succeeded in office by Cyrus Vance Jr., a prosecutor under Morgenthau and the son of former President Jimmy Carter's secretary of stateCyrus Vance. Morgenthau officially endorsed Vance on June 25.[20] Vance went on to win the primary election on September 15, 2009[21] and the subsequent general election on November 3.[22] On January 20, 2010, Morgenthau joined the law firm Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz.[23][24]
Selected cases
Cases which Morgenthau's office prosecuted include:[25]
Mark David Chapman (1981): Chapman pleaded guilty to second-degree murder in the killing of John Lennon and was sentenced to 20-years-to-life in prison. He has been denied parole multiple times and will likely never get out of jail.[26]
Robert Chambers, the "Preppie Killer" (1988): Chambers pleaded guilty to manslaughter in the killing of 18-year-old Jennifer Levin while the jury had the case and served 15 years in prison.[27]
Central Park Jogger case (1989): Five teenaged suspects were wrongly convicted of assaulting and raping 28-year-old Trisha Meili in a "wilding" incident in the north section of Central Park. After Morgenthau's office investigated the confession in 2002 by another man, including finding that his DNA matched evidence at the scene, he recommended vacating the convictions of the five men and dismissal of charges, which the court accomplished.[28]
Dennis Kozlowski and Mark Swartz (2005): The top two executives of Tyco were found guilty of stealing more than $150 million from the company they had been entrusted to manage.[29]
Tupac Shakur (1994), he was convicted in New York City of three charges of sexual molestation, and served nine months in prison.
Selected assistant district attorneys under Morgenthau
Cyrus Vance Jr. (1982–1988): Former New York County District Attorney, son of Cyrus Vance, who was the Deputy Secretary of Defense under President Lyndon B. Johnson and Secretary of State under President Jimmy Carter
The character of District Attorney Adam Schiff (played by actor Steven Hill), the New York district attorney in the long-running TV series Law & Order from 1990 through 2000, was loosely based on Morgenthau. Morgenthau reportedly was a fan of the character.[5][35]
From 2021 through 2023, a fortysomething Robert Morgenthau was portrayed by actor Justin Bartha in seven episodes of the Epix series that takes place in the mid-1960s, Godfather of Harlem.[36]
In 2005, Morgenthau received The Hundred Year Association of New York's Gold Medal "in recognition of outstanding contributions to the City of New York".[39] Morgenthau also received the Association Medal of the New York City Bar Association for exceptional contributions to the honor and standing of the bar in the city of New York.[40]
His first wife was Martha Pattridge, a Christian, whom he met in college;[42][43] they had five children: Joan Morgenthau Wadsworth, Anne Pattridge Morgenthau Grand, Robert Pattridge Morgenthau, Elinor Gates Morgenthau, and Barbara Elizabeth Morgenthau Lee.[44][45][46][47][48]
Elinor, known as "Nellie," suffered from a severe mental disability. She "did not speak ... was violent" and never really recognized her own parents. When Nellie was five years old, Morgenthau very reluctantly agreed to place her in an upstate New York treatment facility. As of 2023, at age 72, Nellie Morgenthau remains in a similar private facility, never having recognized her visiting father.[49]
The Morgenthaus raised their children in the Jewish faith.[50] Martha died in 1972.[44] Morgenthau was devastated by her death, and for a while afterward, he refused to talk about her in order to avoid memories of her death.[51]
In 1977, he married Lucinda Franks, an author who in 1971 won a Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting. She was also Christian.[52][53] They had two children: Joshua Franks Morgenthau (born 1984), and Amy Elinor Morgenthau (born 1990).[45][52] They lived in New York City. They remained married until his death and Franks survived him until she died on May 5, 2021. His son Joshua runs the family farm, Fishkill Farms, founded by Henry Morgenthau Jr.[54]
Death
Morgenthau died at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan on July 21, 2019, after a short illness. He was ten days shy of his 100th birthday,[3] and is buried in Mount Pleasant Cemetery, New York.
^"When to End an Era". Editorial. The New York Times. August 30, 2005. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
^"Archived copy". www.judicialaccountability.org. Archived from the original on May 2, 2007. Retrieved January 15, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^"Museum of Jewish Heritage – Leadership". Museum of Jewish Heritage – A Living Memorial to the Holocaust. Museum of Jewish Heritage — A Living Memorial to the Holocaust. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
^Meier, Andrew (2022). Morganthau: Power, Privilege and the Rise of an American Dynasty (First ed.). New York: Random House. pp. 507, 523, 887. ISBN9781400068852.
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